The Bobcat S70 is a compact skid-steer loader, widely known for its versatility and efficiency in confined spaces. It is commonly used in construction, landscaping, and material handling due to its small footprint, powerful performance, and excellent maneuverability. However, as with any piece of heavy equipment, the Bobcat S70 can experience mechanical issues. One problem that operators may encounter is the bucket curl sticking, which can affect the loader’s efficiency and productivity. Understanding the causes of this issue, its symptoms, and how to fix it can help ensure smooth operation.
Understanding the Bucket Curl System
The bucket curl system on the Bobcat S70 is part of the loader’s hydraulic system. It is responsible for controlling the tilt and curl of the bucket, allowing operators to scoop, lift, and dump materials. The curl function works by using hydraulic cylinders to adjust the angle of the bucket. This system is controlled by the machine’s joystick, which directs hydraulic fluid to the appropriate cylinders to achieve the desired bucket position.
When the bucket curl starts sticking, it can cause delays in work processes, reduce operational efficiency, and lead to frustration for operators. Identifying the root cause of the issue is essential to resolving it quickly.
Common Causes of Bucket Curl Sticking
Several factors can cause the bucket curl on the Bobcat S70 to become sticky or unresponsive. Some of the most common causes include:

1. Hydraulic Fluid Contamination
   Hydraulic systems rely on clean fluid to function properly. Contaminants such as dirt, dust, or metal shavings can enter the hydraulic system, particularly if seals or filters are damaged. These contaminants can cause blockages in the hydraulic lines or damage the hydraulic components, leading to reduced performance or sticking in the bucket curl system.
   
2. Low Hydraulic Fluid
   If the hydraulic fluid levels are too low, it can cause inadequate fluid pressure to the hydraulic cylinders responsible for the bucket curl. Low fluid levels may result from leaks in the system or improper maintenance. Without sufficient hydraulic fluid, the system can experience sticking or sluggish movement.
   
3. Hydraulic Hose or Line Blockage
   A blockage or restriction in the hydraulic lines can also lead to poor performance of the bucket curl function. If debris or contaminants are clogging the hoses or fittings, the flow of hydraulic fluid to the cylinders may be obstructed, causing the bucket to curl unevenly or stick.
   
4. Worn or Damaged Hydraulic Seals
   Over time, hydraulic seals can wear out or become damaged. Worn seals allow hydraulic fluid to leak from the system, reducing the pressure in the hydraulic cylinders. This can cause uneven movements or sticking of the bucket, especially when trying to curl or tilt the attachment.
   
5. Faulty Control Valve
   The control valve directs hydraulic fluid to the cylinders that control the bucket curl. If the valve is malfunctioning due to wear, damage, or contamination, it may not properly distribute hydraulic fluid, resulting in slow or jerky movements, or causing the bucket curl to stick.
   
6. Air in the Hydraulic System
   Air trapped in the hydraulic system can cause inconsistent fluid flow, which can lead to sticking or unresponsive bucket movements. Air can enter the system through a leak in the hoses, faulty seals, or during a hydraulic fluid change if the system is not properly bled.
   

1. Sluggish or Unresponsive Bucket Curl
   One of the most obvious signs of a sticking bucket curl is sluggish movement when attempting to curl or dump the bucket. The bucket may take longer than usual to respond to joystick input or may only move after a delay.
   
2. Uneven Curling Action
   If the bucket curls unevenly, with one side moving faster or more aggressively than the other, it could indicate a hydraulic issue, such as an obstruction in the lines or damage to the cylinders.
   
3. Jerky or Erratic Movements
   Jerky movements during the bucket curl operation can indicate air in the system or an issue with the control valve. The bucket may suddenly jump or hesitate, making it difficult to control.
   
4. Hydraulic Fluid Leaks
   If you notice hydraulic fluid leaking from around the bucket cylinders or hoses, it is a clear indication of a problem. Leaks are often a result of damaged seals or loose fittings, and they can directly contribute to the sticking issue.
   

1. Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels
   Start by inspecting the hydraulic fluid levels. If the fluid is low, top it off with the recommended hydraulic fluid as specified in the operator’s manual. Additionally, check the fluid for contamination or dirt particles. If the fluid appears dirty or contaminated, consider performing a fluid change and replacing the hydraulic filters.
   
2. Inspect for Leaks in the System
   Examine the hydraulic hoses, fittings, and cylinders for any visible signs of leakage. Leaking fluid can reduce the pressure in the system, causing sticking or sluggish bucket movement. If you find any leaks, replace the damaged hoses or seals immediately.
   
3. Check Hydraulic Filters
   A clogged or dirty hydraulic filter can restrict fluid flow, leading to poor performance. Clean or replace the filter as necessary to ensure that the hydraulic fluid is clean and free of debris.
   
4. Inspect Hydraulic Lines for Blockages
   Inspect the hydraulic lines for any blockages or restrictions. If debris is clogging the hoses or fittings, clean or replace the affected components. Ensure that there are no kinks or damage to the hydraulic lines, as this can also cause blockages.
   
5. Check and Bleed the Hydraulic System
   If air is suspected in the hydraulic system, it may be necessary to bleed the system to remove the trapped air. To do this, run the machine with the bucket in different positions, cycling the controls several times to allow the air to escape. This will help restore smooth hydraulic flow.
   
6. Test the Control Valve
   If the issue persists, check the control valve for any malfunctions. If the valve is dirty, clogged, or damaged, it may not be properly distributing hydraulic fluid. In this case, the valve may need to be cleaned, repaired, or replaced.
   
7. Inspect Hydraulic Cylinders and Seals
   Finally, check the hydraulic cylinders and seals for any wear or damage. If the seals are damaged or the cylinders are leaking, they may need to be replaced. Worn seals can allow hydraulic fluid to leak, reducing the pressure in the system and causing the bucket curl to stick.
   

1. Perform Regular Fluid Checks
   Regularly check the hydraulic fluid levels and quality. Keeping the fluid clean and topped off will help maintain system pressure and prevent sticking issues.
   
2. Inspect Hydraulic Components
   Routinely inspect the hydraulic hoses, cylinders, and seals for signs of wear or damage. Promptly replace any components that are showing signs of wear to prevent further issues.
   
3. Change Filters Regularly
   Keep the hydraulic filters clean and replace them according to the manufacturer’s recommended intervals. Dirty filters can reduce fluid flow and cause problems with the bucket curl system.
   
4. Avoid Overloading the Machine
   Overloading the Bobcat S70 can put unnecessary strain on the hydraulic system, increasing the risk of issues such as sticking or failure. Always operate the machine within its rated capacity to ensure longevity.
   

The 310A and John Deere’s Backhoe Loader Evolution
John Deere introduced the 310A backhoe loader in the late 1970s as part of its expanding utility equipment lineup. Built for trenching, loading, and site preparation, the 310A featured a robust mechanical design, a naturally aspirated four-cylinder diesel engine, and a gear-type hydraulic pump system. With an operating weight around 13,000 lbs and a digging depth of approximately 14 feet, it quickly became a staple for municipalities, contractors, and farmers.
By the early 1980s, Deere had sold thousands of 310A units across North America, and its reputation for reliability and ease of service made it a favorite among owner-operators. The machine’s open-center hydraulic system was simple but effective—until age and wear began to introduce performance issues.
Symptoms of Hydraulic Failure and Common Complaints
Operators of aging 310A units often report hydraulic problems that manifest as:

• Slow or weak boom and dipper movement
  
• Loader arms failing to lift under load
  
• Jerky or inconsistent control response
  
• Hydraulic pump whining or cavitating
  
• Fluid foaming or overheating during extended use
  
• No response from backhoe functions despite engine running normally
  

• Gear-type hydraulic pump mounted to the engine
  
• Suction screen and hydraulic filter
  
• Reservoir integrated into the loader frame
  
• Control valves for loader and backhoe circuits
  
• Cylinders for lift, tilt, boom, dipper, and bucket
  
• Return lines and relief valves to regulate pressure
  

• Fluid Inspection
  • Check hydraulic fluid level and condition
    
  • Look for milky appearance (water contamination) or burnt smell
    
  • Replace fluid if viscosity is compromised
    
• Filter and Screen Cleaning
  • Remove and inspect suction screen in the reservoir
    
  • Replace hydraulic filter (typically spin-on type)
    
  • Flush reservoir if sludge or metal particles are present
    
• Pump Function Test
  • Listen for whining or rattling noises from the pump
    
  • Check for leaks at the pump housing or fittings
    
  • Measure pressure at test ports using a gauge
    
• Valve and Cylinder Checks
  • Inspect control valve spools for sticking or wear
    
  • Test cylinder seals by observing drift or bypass under load
    
  • Verify relief valve settings and spring condition
    
• Coupling and Drive Integrity
  

• Inspect pump coupling for wear or misalignment
  
• Ensure engine RPM matches hydraulic demand under load
  
• Replace worn couplings with OEM-grade replacements
  

• Open-Center System: A hydraulic design where fluid flows continuously until a valve is actuated.
  
• Cavitation: The formation of vapor bubbles in hydraulic fluid due to low pressure, which can damage pumps.
  
• Relief Valve: A safety valve that limits system pressure to prevent damage.
  
• Pump Coupling: A mechanical connector between the engine and hydraulic pump.
  
• Suction Screen: A mesh filter that prevents debris from entering the pump intake.
  

• Change hydraulic fluid every 500 hours or annually
  
• Replace filters every 250 hours or sooner in dusty conditions
  
• Inspect pump coupling and drive shaft quarterly
  
• Flush reservoir and clean suction screen every 1,000 hours
  
• Use high-quality hydraulic oil with anti-foaming additives
  

The Case 1845C skid steer is a reliable and versatile piece of equipment, widely used across various industries for tasks ranging from landscaping and construction to material handling. Its strength lies in its compact size, powerful engine, and exceptional lifting capabilities. However, like all machinery, the 1845C can face issues from time to time, one of the more common being hydraulic hose failure. Hydraulic hoses play a crucial role in the system by transmitting high-pressure fluid to various components, and any failure in these hoses can severely affect the machine's functionality. In this article, we will explore the causes, consequences, and solutions to dealing with broken hydraulic hoses in the Case 1845C.
Understanding Hydraulic Hoses in the Case 1845C
Hydraulic hoses are an essential part of the hydraulic system in the Case 1845C. The system uses pressurized fluid to perform various functions such as lifting the loader arms, tilting the bucket, and operating attachments. The hoses are responsible for directing hydraulic fluid to the different components, allowing them to move smoothly and efficiently.
The hydraulic system in the 1845C consists of several hoses that carry the fluid from the hydraulic pump to the actuators and cylinders. These hoses are typically made from rubber or reinforced materials designed to withstand high pressure and extreme temperatures. Over time, however, exposure to harsh conditions, wear, and tear can cause hoses to break, leading to system malfunctions.
Causes of Broken Hydraulic Hoses
Several factors can contribute to hydraulic hose failure in the Case 1845C. Understanding these causes can help operators prevent hose breakage and ensure the machine operates efficiently. The main causes of hydraulic hose failure include:

1. Wear and Tear
   Over time, hydraulic hoses naturally deteriorate due to constant pressure and friction. When hoses rub against other surfaces, or if they are bent sharply, the material can wear down, eventually leading to cracks or leaks. If not addressed, the hose may eventually burst.
   
2. Exposure to Extreme Temperatures
   The hydraulic fluid inside the hoses is subject to high temperatures as it circulates through the system. Excessive heat can weaken the hoses, causing them to become brittle and crack. Extreme cold can also cause the material to become rigid and prone to breaking under pressure.
   
3. Hydraulic Fluid Contamination
   Contaminants such as dirt, dust, or metal particles can find their way into the hydraulic system, often via damaged hoses or poorly maintained seals. These contaminants can clog or damage the hoses, leading to blockages or wear that weakens the material.
   
4. Improper Installation or Handling
   If the hydraulic hoses are not properly installed or routed, they can experience excessive stress. Hoses that are too tight or have sharp bends can quickly fail under high pressure. Similarly, poor handling during maintenance can result in pinched hoses or exposed areas that are prone to damage.
   
5. Over-Pressurization
   If the hydraulic system is subjected to higher-than-normal pressure, it can cause the hoses to burst. Over-pressurization can occur if there is an issue with the hydraulic pump, control valves, or other components that regulate the pressure in the system.
   

1. Loss of Hydraulic Functionality
   If the loader arms, bucket tilt, or other hydraulic-operated components suddenly become slow or unresponsive, it may be due to a loss of pressure caused by a ruptured hose.
   
2. Visible Fluid Leaks
   A clear sign of a broken hydraulic hose is the presence of hydraulic fluid leaking from the machine. If you notice wet spots or puddles of fluid around the hydraulic hoses, it’s likely that one or more hoses are damaged.
   
3. Strange Noises
   If there is a sudden drop in hydraulic power, it can lead to abnormal noises such as whining or hissing sounds as the hydraulic fluid escapes from the broken hose under pressure.
   
4. Erratic or Jerky Movements
   If the equipment’s movement becomes erratic or jerky, it could be a result of inconsistent hydraulic fluid pressure caused by leaks in the hose.
   

1. Safety First
   Before starting any repairs, ensure the skid steer is turned off and all hydraulic pressure is relieved. You can relieve the pressure by operating the hydraulic controls to move the loader arms and tilt the bucket. Always wear safety gloves and goggles to protect yourself from any remaining hydraulic fluid.
   
2. Locate the Damaged Hose
   The first step is to identify which hose is broken. If there is a visible fluid leak, trace it back to the source. If the damage is not immediately visible, you may need to operate the equipment briefly to locate the leak.
   
3. Remove the Damaged Hose
   Once the damaged hose is located, use a wrench to loosen and remove it from the hydraulic system. Be careful not to damage any other components during this process. Place a bucket or container underneath the hose to catch any remaining hydraulic fluid.
   
4. Prepare the Replacement Hose
   Purchase a replacement hose that matches the specifications of the original hose. Ensure that the replacement hose is rated for the pressure and temperature conditions of the hydraulic system. Cut the hose to the appropriate length and attach any fittings required.
   
5. Install the New Hose
   Install the new hose in the same position as the old one, ensuring that it is routed properly and does not rub against any other surfaces. Tighten the fittings securely to prevent leaks. Be sure to check for kinks or bends that could weaken the hose over time.
   
6. Refill Hydraulic Fluid
   After the hose is installed, check the hydraulic fluid level. Top it off as needed, ensuring the fluid is clean and free from contaminants. Run the skid steer briefly and check for any leaks around the new hose.
   
7. Test the System
   Once everything is reassembled, start the machine and test the hydraulic system to ensure the new hose is functioning correctly. Operate the loader arms and bucket to verify that the equipment moves smoothly and that there are no leaks.
   

1. Regular Inspections
   Perform regular inspections of the hydraulic hoses to check for signs of wear, cracks, or leaks. Replace any hoses that show signs of damage before they fail.
   
2. Proper Routing
   When installing or replacing hydraulic hoses, ensure they are routed correctly and not subjected to sharp bends, rubbing against other parts, or excessive tension. Proper installation can extend the lifespan of the hoses.
   
3. Use High-Quality Hoses
   Always use high-quality, compatible hydraulic hoses that are designed for the specific pressures and temperatures of your system. Cheap or incorrect hoses are more likely to fail prematurely.
   
4. Maintain Hydraulic Fluid
   Keep the hydraulic fluid clean and at the correct level. Contaminated fluid or low fluid levels can increase the risk of hose damage and hydraulic system failure.
   
5. Avoid Overloading
   Do not overload the Case 1845C beyond its rated capacity. Excessive pressure on the hydraulic system can lead to hose damage and failure.
   

The D6C and Caterpillar’s Track-Type Tractor Legacy
Caterpillar’s D6 series has been a cornerstone of earthmoving operations since the 1930s. The D6C, introduced in the late 1960s and produced through the 1970s, was a mid-size crawler tractor designed for grading, pushing, and land clearing. Powered by the reliable CAT D333 engine, the D6C delivered around 140 flywheel horsepower and featured a direct drive transmission, torque converter options, and a rugged undercarriage built for long service life.
Caterpillar Inc., founded in 1925, had already become a global leader in dozer technology by the time the D6C entered production. Tens of thousands of units were sold worldwide, and many remain in operation today due to their rebuildable design and mechanical simplicity.
Symptoms of Fan Belt Twisting and Related Issues
One recurring issue with aging D6C units involves fan belts twisting, flipping, or walking off the pulleys. Operators have reported:

• Belts flipping sideways during startup or under load
  
• Excessive belt wear or fraying within hours of installation
  
• Squealing noises from the front of the engine
  
• Belts jumping grooves or misaligning after tensioning
  
• Overheating due to reduced fan speed or complete belt failure
  

• Pulley Misalignment
  • Fan, alternator, and crankshaft pulleys must be perfectly aligned
    
  • Even a 1–2 mm offset can cause belt walk or twist
    
• Worn or Damaged Pulleys
  • Grooves may be rounded, rusted, or uneven
    
  • Fan hub bearings may wobble under load
    
• Improper Belt Tension
  • Over-tightening causes excessive side load and heat
    
  • Under-tightening allows slippage and vibration
    
• Incorrect Belt Size or Type
  • Belts must match OEM specifications for width, angle, and length
    
  • Substituting automotive belts can lead to premature failure
    
• Fan Shaft or Hub Play
  • Worn bushings or bearings allow lateral movement
    
  • Misalignment increases with RPM
    
• Bracket Flex or Mounting Issues
  

• Alternator or fan brackets may flex under load
  
• Loose bolts or cracked mounts shift pulley geometry
  

• Use a straightedge across all pulleys to check alignment
  
• Spin each pulley by hand and feel for roughness or wobble
  
• Measure belt tension with a deflection gauge (typically 1/2 inch deflection with moderate pressure)
  
• Inspect belt contact pattern for uneven wear or polish marks
  
• Replace any pulley with visible groove damage or rust pitting
  
• Confirm that the fan hub has no lateral play and rotates smoothly
  

• Fan Belt: A V-shaped rubber belt that drives the cooling fan, alternator, and other accessories.
  
• Pulley Alignment: The geometric relationship between rotating components connected by belts.
  
• Deflection Gauge: A tool used to measure belt tension by pressing and observing movement.
  
• Matched Belt Set: Belts manufactured to identical length and tension characteristics for multi-belt systems.
  
• Hub Bearings: Bearings that support the fan shaft and allow smooth rotation under load.
  

• Replace belts in matched sets and avoid mixing brands or types
  
• Inspect pulley grooves annually and clean with a wire brush
  
• Use anti-seize on pulley bolts to prevent misalignment during service
  
• Install upgraded fan hub assemblies with sealed bearings if available
  
• Torque all bracket bolts to spec and check for flex under load
  

The Komatsu WA 480 is a versatile wheel loader that excels in a range of heavy-duty applications, including construction, mining, and material handling. Known for its powerful performance and durability, the WA 480 is a workhorse in industries that require high lifting capacity and stability. However, like all complex machinery, it is not immune to technical issues. One such problem that has been reported by some operators is related to the tilt back function of the loader. This article will explore the causes behind tilt back issues on the Komatsu WA 480, troubleshooting methods, and solutions to help operators maintain smooth and efficient operation.
Understanding the Tilt Back Function of the Komatsu WA 480
The tilt back function on a wheel loader refers to the ability to tilt the bucket backward to a desired angle, allowing the operator to dump materials or adjust the bucket’s position. This feature is crucial for tasks that require precision, such as material loading and unloading. The tilt function is powered by hydraulic systems that control the movement of the bucket via hydraulic cylinders.
On the Komatsu WA 480, the tilt back system is typically controlled through joystick or lever mechanisms that activate the hydraulic pump, which in turn applies pressure to the tilt cylinders. These cylinders provide the force needed to tilt the bucket or attachment, and proper functionality is essential for tasks like stockpiling, scooping, and dumping materials.
Common Causes of Tilt Back Issues on the Komatsu WA 480
If the tilt back function on the Komatsu WA 480 fails to perform correctly, it can lead to operational inefficiencies and potential damage to the machine. The common causes of tilt back problems include:

1. Hydraulic Fluid Issues
   One of the primary causes of tilt back failure is a lack of or contaminated hydraulic fluid. If the fluid levels are low, or if the fluid has become contaminated with debris, the hydraulic system may not be able to generate sufficient pressure for the tilt function to work. This can cause sluggish or unresponsive bucket movements, or in some cases, a complete failure of the tilt function.
   
2. Faulty Hydraulic Cylinders
   Over time, the hydraulic cylinders responsible for controlling the tilt back may wear out or become damaged. Common issues include leaking seals, cracks, or general wear and tear. When the cylinders lose their integrity, they can fail to provide the necessary force to tilt the bucket back, leading to a lack of control or inconsistent movement.
   
3. Control Valve Malfunction
   The control valve is an essential component that directs the hydraulic fluid to the correct areas of the system. A malfunction in the valve can cause improper fluid distribution, leading to issues with the tilt back function. If the valve is clogged, dirty, or damaged, it may restrict or misdirect fluid flow, which can impact the performance of the hydraulic cylinders.
   
4. Air in the Hydraulic System
   Air trapped in the hydraulic system can cause erratic movements or complete failure of the tilt back function. Air bubbles disrupt the smooth flow of hydraulic fluid, reducing pressure and causing the system to respond unpredictably. This problem is often caused by a hydraulic fluid leak, improper fluid replacement, or poor sealing of system components.
   
5. Worn or Damaged Hydraulic Hoses
   Hydraulic hoses are responsible for carrying fluid between the various components of the hydraulic system. If these hoses become worn, cracked, or damaged, they may leak fluid or prevent the correct pressure from reaching the tilt cylinders. A damaged hose can lead to loss of power and a failure of the tilt back function.
   
6. Electrical Issues
   While the tilt back system on the WA 480 is primarily hydraulic, some components, such as sensors or control systems, may rely on electrical power. If there is an issue with the electrical wiring, fuses, or sensors, the tilt function may become impaired. This can manifest as delayed response or total failure of the bucket tilt control.
   

1. Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels and Quality
   Begin by inspecting the hydraulic fluid levels to ensure that they are within the recommended range. If the fluid is low, top it off with the correct type of fluid as specified in the operator’s manual. Additionally, check the quality of the hydraulic fluid. If it is dirty or contaminated, it should be replaced, and the hydraulic filter should be cleaned or replaced as well.
   
2. Inspect Hydraulic Cylinders for Leaks or Damage
   Examine the tilt cylinders closely for signs of leaks, cracks, or other damage. If there is visible leakage around the seals, it indicates a need for repair or replacement of the cylinder. Replacing damaged seals and ensuring the cylinders are in good condition will restore proper hydraulic pressure to the system.
   
3. Test the Control Valve
   The control valve should be inspected to determine if it is functioning correctly. If the valve is clogged or damaged, it may not allow hydraulic fluid to flow freely to the tilt cylinders. A faulty valve will need to be cleaned, repaired, or replaced. Sometimes, valve failure may also be caused by debris or contamination, so regular maintenance and fluid filtration are essential.
   
4. Bleed the Hydraulic System
   If air is suspected in the hydraulic system, bleeding the system can help remove trapped air. This is typically done by raising the loader arms and cycling the hydraulic controls several times to allow the air to escape. Ensure that the system is sealed properly after bleeding to prevent air from re-entering.
   
5. Inspect Hydraulic Hoses
   Check all hydraulic hoses connected to the tilt cylinders and control valves for signs of wear, cracks, or leaks. If a hose is damaged, replace it immediately to prevent fluid loss and ensure that the hydraulic system maintains adequate pressure.
   
6. Check Electrical Components
   If you suspect an electrical issue is affecting the tilt control, inspect the wiring, fuses, and sensors for any visible damage or faults. A multimeter can be used to test the electrical components for continuity and functionality. Replacing damaged wiring or sensors will restore the proper operation of the tilt back system.
   

1. Regular Fluid Checks and Replacements
   Maintain proper fluid levels and regularly check the condition of the hydraulic fluid. Replace fluid according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, and use high-quality, clean fluid to prevent contamination and ensure smooth operation.
   
2. Frequent Hose Inspections
   Hydraulic hoses should be checked regularly for any signs of wear or damage. Replace any hoses that appear cracked, worn, or frayed to prevent leaks and ensure the system operates at full pressure.
   
3. Cylinder Maintenance
   Inspect the tilt cylinders for signs of wear, such as leaking seals or damaged rods. If any issues are found, repair or replace the cylinders promptly to maintain proper hydraulic performance.
   
4. Clean Filters and Valves
   Regularly clean or replace the hydraulic filters and check the control valves for blockages or damage. This ensures that fluid flows efficiently through the system and prevents issues with pressure or fluid distribution.
   

The TS-14 and Terex’s Earthmoving Legacy
Terex Corporation, with roots tracing back to the 1930s, has long been a key player in the development of heavy earthmoving equipment. The TS-14 motor scraper, introduced in the mid-20th century, became one of the most recognized twin-engine scrapers in the industry. Designed for high-volume material movement, the TS-14 was widely used in highway construction, mining, and large-scale site development. Its twin power units—one in the front tractor and one in the rear scraper—allowed for balanced traction and efficient loading even in challenging soil conditions.
By the 1980s and 1990s, the TS-14 had evolved through multiple variants, including the TS-14B, TS-14C, and TS-14G, each improving on hydraulic control, operator comfort, and drivetrain reliability. Tens of thousands of units were sold globally, and many remain in service today due to their robust design and rebuild-friendly architecture.
Core Specifications and Operating Profile
The TS-14 typically features:

• Twin Detroit Diesel or Cummins engines (varies by model)
  
• Combined horsepower: ~500 hp
  
• Bowl capacity: ~14 cubic yards struck, ~20 cubic yards heaped
  
• Operating weight: ~90,000 lbs
  
• Transmission: Powershift with torque converter
  
• Steering: Hydraulic articulated frame
  
• Braking: Air-over-hydraulic or full air brakes depending on year
  

• Powertrain: Engine, transmission, torque converter, and driveline
  
• Hydraulic system: Pumps, valves, cylinders, and control linkages
  
• Electrical system: Wiring diagrams, starter circuits, lighting, and gauges
  
• Bowl and ejector: Floor rollers, apron cylinders, and ejector mechanism
  
• Frame and articulation: Steering cylinders, pivot bearings, and alignment
  
• Operator station: Controls, seat, canopy, and visibility aids
  
• Preventive maintenance: Lubrication charts, fluid intervals, and inspection checklists
  

• Hydraulic leaks at cylinder seals and hose fittings
  
• Transmission clutch pack degradation
  
• Bowl floor roller wear and misalignment
  
• Articulation joint bushing fatigue
  
• Electrical shorts in exposed harness sections
  

• Replace hydraulic hoses every 1,000 hours or sooner in abrasive environments
  
• Flush transmission fluid annually and inspect for clutch debris
  
• Realign bowl rollers quarterly to prevent uneven wear
  
• Use dielectric grease on all electrical connectors exposed to moisture
  
• Install aftermarket LED lighting for improved night operation
  

• Bowl: The main material-carrying compartment of the scraper.
  
• Ejector: A hydraulic plate that pushes material out of the bowl during dumping.
  
• Torque Converter: A fluid coupling that transmits engine power to the transmission.
  
• Articulated Steering: A steering system where the frame pivots at a central joint.
  
• Clutch Pack: A set of friction plates used to engage gears in a powershift transmission.
  

• Proper startup sequence to avoid hydraulic surge
  
• Bowl loading techniques to prevent tire spin and engine lugging
  
• Safe descent procedures on grades using engine braking and transmission hold
  
• Visibility protocols when reversing or dumping near personnel
  
• Emergency shutdown procedures in case of hydraulic or electrical failure
  

The Case 1845C skid steer loader is a robust and reliable machine widely used in construction, landscaping, and agricultural operations. Known for its compact design, strong lifting capacity, and versatility, the 1845C model has been a popular choice for operators requiring maneuverability in tight spaces. However, like all heavy equipment, it is not immune to mechanical issues, one of which involves the curl control system. Understanding and troubleshooting curl control issues in the Case 1845C is vital to maintaining the machine’s performance and ensuring that the loader’s hydraulic functions work properly.
This article explores common problems associated with the curl control system, explains how the system operates, and provides solutions to address issues effectively.
Understanding the Curl Control System
The curl control system in a skid steer loader like the Case 1845C refers to the hydraulic mechanism responsible for controlling the bucket's curling action—either raising the bucket or lowering it. This system works in conjunction with the lift and tilt functions of the loader, which are controlled by hydraulic cylinders.
The curl control is activated by a joystick or lever system that communicates with the hydraulic valves to adjust the position of the bucket or attachment. In most machines like the 1845C, curl control is used for tasks such as scooping, dumping, and leveling materials. The hydraulic system delivers pressurized fluid to the bucket cylinders, enabling precise control of the bucket's curl and dump actions.
Common Curl Control Problems on the Case 1845C

1. Slow or Unresponsive Curl Action
   One of the most common issues that operators face with the curl control system is a slow or unresponsive bucket curl. This can make it difficult to scoop, dump, or level materials efficiently, hindering productivity.
   Possible Causes:
   • Low hydraulic fluid levels.
     
   • Air in the hydraulic system.
     
   • Leaking hydraulic lines or cylinders.
     
   • Faulty hydraulic pump or control valve.
     
2. Uneven Curling Action
   Another issue that may arise is uneven curling action, where one side of the bucket moves faster or more forcefully than the other. This could result in difficulty controlling the bucket during critical tasks, such as loading or leveling.
   Possible Causes:
   • Worn hydraulic cylinders or seals.
     
   • Blocked or dirty hydraulic filters.
     
   • Malfunctioning control valves that do not provide balanced pressure to both sides of the bucket.
     
3. Curl Control Lock-Up
   Some operators may experience complete lock-up of the curl control, meaning the bucket refuses to curl either up or down. This can lead to significant downtime and frustration for operators.
   Possible Causes:
   • Complete hydraulic fluid loss.
     
   • Failure of the control valve mechanism.
     
   • Blockage in the hydraulic lines.
     
4. Jerky or Erratic Bucket Movement
   If the bucket moves erratically, either jerking back and forth or moving suddenly without smooth transitions, this indicates a problem with the flow of hydraulic fluid or the responsiveness of the control system.
   Possible Causes:
   • Dirty or degraded hydraulic fluid.
     
   • Faulty or sticky control valve.
     
   • Damaged hydraulic hoses or fittings causing fluid leakage.
     

1. Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels
   Low hydraulic fluid is a frequent cause of slow or unresponsive curl control. Always start by checking the hydraulic fluid reservoir. If the fluid level is low, top it off with the recommended type of fluid, and inspect the system for leaks. Ensure that the hydraulic fluid is clean, as contaminated fluid can also lead to performance issues.
   
2. Inspect for Leaks
   Leaking hydraulic lines, fittings, or cylinders can lead to a loss of hydraulic pressure, which affects the curl action. Carefully inspect all hydraulic hoses and connections for signs of wear, cracks, or leaks. If any leaks are found, replace the affected components promptly.
   
3. Bleed the Hydraulic System
   Air in the hydraulic system can result in poor or slow performance. If you suspect air contamination, "bleeding" the system can help eliminate trapped air and restore normal hydraulic flow. This process involves running the machine with the loader arms and bucket lifted and cycling the hydraulic controls to expel the air from the system.
   
4. Check Control Valves and Hoses
   A malfunctioning control valve may be the reason behind uneven curling or erratic movement. If you suspect a valve issue, the control valve may need to be cleaned, repaired, or replaced. Additionally, inspect hydraulic hoses for damage, abrasions, or blockages, as these can interfere with fluid flow.
   
5. Examine the Hydraulic Pump
   If the curl action is consistently slow or the bucket refuses to curl, a problem with the hydraulic pump could be the issue. A pump that is not producing enough pressure can prevent the hydraulic system from operating efficiently. Have the pump inspected and replaced if necessary.
   
6. Replace Worn Cylinders or Seals
   Worn hydraulic cylinders or damaged seals can lead to an uneven curl or loss of pressure. If the cylinders are leaking or the seals are worn, they will need to be replaced. A professional technician can assist with these repairs, as improper installation could lead to further issues.
   

1. Frequent Hydraulic Fluid Checks
   Regularly monitor the hydraulic fluid levels and condition. Ensure that the fluid is clean and within the proper range. Flushing the system periodically can help remove contaminants and improve the overall performance of the hydraulic system.
   
2. Inspect Hydraulic Hoses and Fittings
   Inspect hydraulic hoses, fittings, and connections regularly for signs of wear, cracks, or leaks. Replace any damaged hoses immediately to prevent fluid loss and maintain the system’s integrity.
   
3. Clean Hydraulic Filters
   Clogged hydraulic filters can restrict fluid flow, causing poor performance of the curl control. Clean or replace filters according to the manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure proper flow and prevent contamination.
   
4. Regularly Cycle the Bucket
   Periodically cycling the bucket and loader arms through their full range of motion helps keep the hydraulic system in good working order. This practice ensures that the hydraulic valves and cylinders are functioning smoothly and that no issues with movement arise.
   
5. Lubrication of Moving Parts
   Keep all moving parts, including the bucket pins and cylinders, properly lubricated to reduce wear and prevent stiffness in the hydraulic system.
   

The PW130-6 and Komatsu’s Wheeled Excavator Lineage
Komatsu’s PW130-6 wheeled excavator was introduced in the early 2000s as part of the company’s push to expand its urban and roadwork equipment portfolio. With an operating weight of approximately 13 metric tons and a turbocharged Komatsu SAA4D102E engine producing around 95 horsepower, the PW130-6 was designed for mobility, precision, and hydraulic versatility. Its compact footprint and four-wheel steering made it ideal for tight job sites, while its full-function boom and arm system allowed trenching, lifting, and grading with minimal repositioning.
Komatsu, founded in 1921 in Japan, had already become a global leader in hydraulic excavators by the time the PW130-6 was released. The wheeled series was especially popular in Europe and Asia, where road regulations and urban density favored rubber-tired machines over tracked units.
Symptoms of Boom Lift Failure
A common issue reported with the PW130-6 involves the boom failing to lift, even though other hydraulic functions such as swing, travel, and arm movement remain operational. Typical symptoms include:

• Boom remains stationary despite joystick input
  
• No audible change in engine load when boom is activated
  
• Hydraulic oil level and filter condition appear normal
  
• No fault codes or warning lights on the monitor
  
• Arm and bucket functions operate normally
  

• Pilot joystick sends low-pressure signal to the control valve
  
• Solenoid valve receives electrical signal and opens flow path
  
• Main hydraulic pump delivers pressurized oil to the boom cylinder
  
• Load-sensing system adjusts pump output based on demand
  
• Safety lockout system prevents boom movement during travel or startup
  

• Electrical Checks
  • Test voltage at the boom solenoid connector (should read 24V when activated)
    
  • Inspect wiring harness for abrasion, corrosion, or loose terminals
    
  • Check fuse and relay associated with boom control circuit
    
  • Use a diagnostic scanner to verify joystick signal output
    
• Hydraulic Flow Verification
  • Swap boom solenoid with a known-good valve (e.g., arm or bucket)
    
  • Manually activate the valve using a jumper wire to confirm coil function
    
  • Measure pilot pressure at the control valve inlet (typically 400–600 psi)
    
  • Inspect boom cylinder for internal leakage or bypassing
    
• Mechanical Inspection
  

• Remove and clean solenoid valve spool
  
• Check for debris, varnish, or metal shavings in the valve body
  
• Inspect hydraulic filter and suction strainer for clogging
  
• Verify that the safety lockout lever is disengaged and functioning
  

• Solenoid Valve: An electrically actuated valve that controls hydraulic flow to specific functions.
  
• Pilot Pressure: Low-pressure hydraulic signal used to command main valve movement.
  
• Load-Sensing System: A hydraulic control method that adjusts pump output based on demand.
  
• Safety Lockout: A system that disables hydraulic functions during travel or startup for safety.
  
• Bypassing: Internal leakage within a cylinder that prevents full extension or retraction.
  

• Replace hydraulic filters every 500 hours or sooner in dusty environments
  
• Inspect solenoid connectors quarterly and apply dielectric grease
  
• Flush hydraulic system annually to remove sludge and contaminants
  
• Train operators to cycle all functions weekly, even if not used daily
  
• Use OEM-grade hydraulic oil with anti-foaming and anti-wear additives
  

The John Deere 2010 gas-driven dozer is a vintage piece of construction equipment that was part of John Deere’s initial foray into the dozer market during the mid-20th century. Known for its reliability and rugged performance, this machine has maintained a certain level of respect among vintage machinery enthusiasts and collectors. While the John Deere 2010 is no longer in production, its legacy remains significant, especially for those in the heavy equipment industry who appreciate the simplicity and durability of older machines.
This article provides an overview of the John Deere 2010, including its design, specifications, history, and maintenance tips. Whether you are restoring one of these classic machines or simply interested in learning about its capabilities, this guide will provide the necessary insights.
Historical Background of the John Deere 2010 Dozer
John Deere, a name that is synonymous with quality agricultural and construction equipment, entered the bulldozer market in the 1950s, with the 2010 model marking a significant step in its expansion. The 2010 series was introduced in 1960 and was produced for several years. This machine was one of the first dozers from John Deere to feature a gas-powered engine, and it was designed to meet the demands of small to medium-scale construction projects.
The John Deere 2010 was primarily intended for use in lighter applications compared to the larger, more powerful dozers that dominated the market at the time. However, it was highly regarded for its reliable performance, ease of maintenance, and relatively simple design, which made it accessible to a wide range of operators. The dozer's small size and maneuverability allowed it to work in tighter spaces, making it a popular choice for smaller construction jobs, land clearing, and road maintenance.
Specifications and Features of the John Deere 2010 Dozer
The John Deere 2010 gas-driven dozer was built with durability in mind, and its specifications reflect the needs of operators working in a variety of settings. Key features of the 2010 model include:

1. Engine and Power
   • Engine Type: The John Deere 2010 was powered by a 4-cylinder gas engine, offering a balance of power and fuel efficiency.
     
   • Horsepower: The engine produced around 54 horsepower, which was adequate for light to medium-duty tasks.
     
   • Transmission: The machine was equipped with a manual transmission, which allowed operators to have full control over the dozer's speed and movement.
     
2. Dimensions
   • Operating Weight: Approximately 7,500 pounds, making it a relatively light dozer compared to others in its class.
     
   • Blade Width: The standard blade width was about 6 feet, suitable for a variety of tasks like grading and pushing material.
     
3. Undercarriage
   • The 2010 featured a simple undercarriage design that included a steel track system, providing excellent traction on uneven surfaces.
     
4. Hydraulic System
   • The hydraulic system was straightforward, allowing operators to control the blade with precision. However, it lacked the advanced features found in modern hydraulic systems, which were not as widely available during its time of production.
     

1. Ease of Maintenance:
   The 2010's design was simple and mechanical, which made it relatively easy to repair and maintain. Parts were widely available during the years it was in service, and it was common for operators to do much of the maintenance themselves.
   
2. Maneuverability:
   Due to its compact size, the 2010 was highly maneuverable, which made it ideal for use in tight spaces. It could navigate small construction sites, residential areas, or forestry operations where larger dozers might struggle.
   
3. Affordability:
   The John Deere 2010 was affordable both to purchase and maintain, making it a popular choice for smaller businesses or independent contractors who needed a reliable dozer without the high costs associated with larger machines.
   
4. Durability:
   Built with a robust steel frame and engine, the John Deere 2010 was known for its long-lasting performance. Many operators found that with proper care, the machine could continue to perform well for decades.
   

1. Limited Power:
   With only 54 horsepower, the 2010 was not capable of handling the heavier tasks that larger, more powerful dozers could manage. While it was efficient for light grading and small clearing tasks, it struggled in more demanding applications such as large-scale excavation.
   
2. Lack of Modern Features:
   Compared to modern dozers, the John Deere 2010 lacked advanced hydraulic systems, electronic controls, and fuel-efficient technologies. Operators used mechanical levers for blade adjustments, which was less precise and more physically demanding than today’s hydraulic systems.
   
3. Fuel Efficiency:
   Although the 2010 was relatively efficient for its size, its gas engine was not as fuel-efficient as diesel engines found in newer machines. For extended or heavy-duty work, this could lead to higher fuel costs.
   
4. Aging Parts and Availability:
   As a vintage piece of equipment, finding replacement parts for the John Deere 2010 can be challenging. Although some parts are still available from third-party manufacturers or specialty suppliers, they can be costly, and finding authentic John Deere parts can sometimes be difficult.
   

1. Regular Inspection of the Engine and Transmission:
   The engine is the heart of the machine, and ensuring it is in good working condition is essential for maintaining performance. Regular oil changes and monitoring the engine for signs of wear can extend the life of the machine.
   
2. Undercarriage Maintenance:
   Given its age, the undercarriage should be checked frequently for wear. Replacing worn tracks or rollers will prevent further damage and ensure that the dozer operates efficiently.
   
3. Hydraulic System Care:
   Although the 2010’s hydraulic system is basic, it still requires regular maintenance. Be sure to check fluid levels, inspect hoses for cracks, and ensure that the hydraulic fluid is free from contaminants.
   
4. Rust Prevention:
   Older machines are prone to rust, especially if they have been exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Regular cleaning, painting, and rust prevention measures can keep the machine looking good and functioning properly.
   

The 262C and Caterpillar’s Compact Loader Lineage
Caterpillar’s 262C skid steer loader was introduced in the late 2000s as part of the C-series, designed to offer enhanced hydraulic performance, operator comfort, and electronic integration. With a rated operating capacity of 2,700 lbs and a turbocharged CAT C3.4T diesel engine producing around 82 horsepower, the 262C quickly became a favorite among contractors, landscapers, and municipal crews.
Caterpillar Inc., founded in 1925, had already dominated the compact loader market by the time the 262C was released. Thousands of units were sold globally, and the machine’s sealed and pressurized cab with optional air conditioning made it especially popular in hot climates and dusty environments.
Symptoms of AC Compressor Failure
One of the more common issues reported with the 262C involves the air conditioning system, specifically the compressor not engaging or functioning properly. Typical symptoms include:

• No cold air from vents despite fan operation
  
• Compressor clutch not engaging when AC is activated
  
• High-pressure side of the system showing abnormal readings
  
• Blown fuses or intermittent relay clicks
  
• Audible clicking but no compressor rotation
  

• Fuse and Relay Inspection
  • Check the AC fuse in the main panel (typically 10A or 15A)
    
  • Test the AC relay for continuity and coil resistance
    
  • Swap with a known-good relay to confirm function
    
• Compressor Clutch Voltage Test
  • With AC on, measure voltage at the clutch connector
    
  • Expect 12–14V; lower readings may indicate wiring resistance or poor ground
    
  • If voltage is present but clutch doesn’t engage, the coil may be open or shorted
    
• Pressure Switch and Refrigerant Level
  • Inspect high- and low-pressure switches for continuity
    
  • Low refrigerant can prevent clutch engagement due to safety lockout
    
  • Use manifold gauges to verify system pressures (low side ~30 psi, high side ~250 psi typical)
    
• Ground Path Verification
  

• Check ground strap from compressor to frame
  
• Clean contact points and apply dielectric grease
  
• Use a multimeter to confirm less than 0.2 ohms resistance to chassis ground
  

• Recovering refrigerant using certified equipment
  
• Disconnecting electrical and refrigerant lines
  
• Removing mounting bolts and extracting the unit
  
• Installing a new compressor with fresh O-rings and oil charge
  
• Evacuating and recharging the system to factory specs (typically 1.5–2.0 lbs of R-134a)
  

• Compressor Clutch: An electromagnetic device that engages the compressor pulley when AC is activated.
  
• Refrigerant: A chemical fluid (R-134a in most 262C units) that absorbs and releases heat during phase changes.
  
• Manifold Gauge Set: A diagnostic tool used to measure refrigerant pressures in the AC system.
  
• Receiver-Drier: A component that filters and dries refrigerant before it enters the expansion valve.
  
• Pressure Switch: A sensor that disables compressor operation if system pressures are outside safe limits.
  

• Run the AC system weekly during off-season to keep seals lubricated
  
• Clean condenser fins monthly to improve airflow and reduce head pressure
  
• Inspect compressor clutch gap annually (typically 0.020–0.030 inches)
  
• Use UV dye to detect refrigerant leaks early
  
• Avoid overcharging the system, which can cause high-pressure shutdowns