The Komatsu PC120LC, a widely recognized model in the construction equipment industry, has earned praise for its reliability and efficiency. However, like any heavy machinery, it can experience issues over time. One problem that operators have reported with this model is a loss of hydraulic power and tracking problems, particularly when the machine is hot. This issue can be both frustrating and costly if not addressed in a timely manner.
Understanding the Problem: Hydraulic Power Loss and Tracking Issues
The hydraulic system of any excavator plays a vital role in its operation, controlling the movement of the boom, arm, bucket, and tracks. When hydraulic power drops, the machine loses its ability to perform critical functions efficiently. In the case of the Komatsu PC120LC, operators have reported that the hydraulic system loses power once the machine reaches a certain temperature, especially under heavy load or prolonged use.
The problem becomes more noticeable when the excavator is in operation for extended periods. As the temperature rises, the hydraulic system’s pressure and fluid flow decrease, making it difficult to maintain proper tracking. This results in the machine’s tracks moving unevenly or not moving at all, which can lead to delays in job completion and potential damage to the equipment.
Causes of Low Hydraulic Power and Tracking Problems
Several potential causes for the low hydraulic power and tracking issues in the Komatsu PC120LC have been identified. Understanding these causes is crucial to diagnosing and fixing the problem:

1. Hydraulic Fluid Contamination
   • Hydraulic fluid is essential for the smooth operation of the system. When the fluid becomes contaminated with debris or moisture, it can cause blockages or irregularities in the hydraulic pumps and valves. This contamination is often exacerbated when the fluid heats up, leading to a decrease in overall performance.
     
2. Hydraulic Pump Failure
   • The hydraulic pump is responsible for generating the pressure required to operate the excavator's various systems. Over time, wear and tear on the pump or a malfunctioning component can result in decreased hydraulic output. This issue may become more pronounced as the system heats up and the pump becomes less efficient.
     
3. Faulty Relief Valve
   • The relief valve controls the pressure within the hydraulic system. If this valve fails or becomes clogged, it may not allow the hydraulic system to maintain the proper pressure, causing power loss and poor tracking performance, especially under high temperatures.
     
4. Excessive Heat Build-Up
   • The heat generated by the engine and hydraulic system can lead to a number of issues. Hydraulic fluid that becomes too hot loses its ability to maintain pressure, and seals and gaskets can begin to degrade. Overheating may also cause the tracks to malfunction, as excessive heat can affect the hydraulic motors responsible for track movement.
     
5. Clogged Filters
   • Hydraulic filters play an important role in preventing contaminants from entering the hydraulic fluid. If the filters become clogged, fluid flow is restricted, which can result in power loss, especially when the fluid is under increased stress due to high temperatures.
     

1. Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels and Condition
   • The first step is to inspect the hydraulic fluid. Ensure that the fluid levels are within the manufacturer’s recommended range. Also, check the fluid’s condition—look for signs of contamination, such as discoloration, cloudiness, or the presence of debris. If the fluid is dirty or degraded, it should be replaced.
     
2. Inspect the Hydraulic Pump
   • The next step is to inspect the hydraulic pump for signs of wear or failure. This may involve measuring the hydraulic pressure output at various operating conditions and comparing it to the manufacturer’s specifications. If the pump’s pressure is lower than expected, it may need to be repaired or replaced.
     
3. Examine the Relief Valve
   • Check the relief valve for proper operation. If it is malfunctioning or clogged, it will prevent the hydraulic system from maintaining adequate pressure. In some cases, cleaning or replacing the relief valve can resolve the issue.
     
4. Monitor System Temperature
   • Pay close attention to the temperature of the hydraulic system. If the fluid is overheating, it could indicate a problem with the cooling system or an issue with the hydraulic components. Ensure that the radiator and cooling fan are working properly, and that the system is adequately ventilated.
     
5. Clean or Replace Filters
   • Dirty or clogged filters can lead to power loss and tracking issues. Replace the filters if necessary and clean the system to ensure optimal fluid flow.
     

1. Regularly Check and Replace Hydraulic Fluid
   • Regular fluid checks and changes help maintain the efficiency of the hydraulic system. Follow the manufacturer's recommended intervals for fluid replacement and always use high-quality hydraulic fluid that meets the required specifications.
     
2. Monitor Temperature Levels
   • Keeping an eye on the operating temperature of the hydraulic system can prevent overheating. Install temperature gauges or sensors to monitor the fluid temperature and take corrective action if it rises above normal levels.
     
3. Keep the System Clean
   • Contamination is a major cause of hydraulic system problems. Make sure to clean the hydraulic lines and components regularly. Ensure that the filters are always in good condition and replace them as needed.
     
4. Conduct Regular Inspections
   • Regularly inspect the hydraulic pump, relief valve, and other critical components for signs of wear or damage. Early detection of problems can prevent costly repairs and downtime.
     

Heavy equipment plays an essential role in construction, mining, agriculture, and a wide range of industries where large-scale projects demand robust, durable machines. These machines, from bulldozers to excavators, not only make large tasks more manageable but also provide a deeper understanding of the work behind them. In this article, we’ll explore some common themes, insights, and a few stories that come from hands-on experiences with various types of heavy equipment.
The Significance of Heavy Equipment in Construction
Heavy equipment is indispensable for many industries, especially construction. It’s a well-known fact that without machinery like bulldozers, excavators, and cranes, large infrastructure projects would be almost impossible to complete. The machines are designed to handle immense weights and large volumes of earth, materials, and debris.
Heavy equipment often needs to be customized and modified to meet the specific demands of the job. For instance, an excavator may need an attachment swap to go from digging to lifting materials. The machines are usually designed to function across various types of terrains, from soft soil to rocky mountain surfaces.
Types of Machines and Their Features

1. Bulldozers:
   • Function: Bulldozers are designed for pushing large quantities of material, including soil, sand, and debris. They often have a heavy, angled blade at the front to move earth effectively.
     
   • Key Features:
     • High ground clearance
       
     • Tracks (instead of wheels) to prevent sinking into soft soil
       
     • Large, heavy blades that can be adjusted for depth and angle
       
2. Excavators:
   • Function: Excavators are primarily used for digging, lifting, and moving large objects. They come in various sizes and can be used for everything from small residential digging to large-scale mining projects.
     
   • Key Features:
     • Hydraulic arms for easy lifting and digging
       
     • Swappable attachments, like buckets or drills
       
     • Tracks or wheels, depending on the terrain they’ll work on
       
3. Cranes:
   • Function: Cranes are essential for lifting and moving heavy materials over long distances at great heights. They’re often used in construction, oil rigs, and infrastructure projects.
     
   • Key Features:
     • Rotating base to move the arm horizontally
       
     • Adjustable booms to lift at varying heights and distances
       
     • Rigging for lifting heavy loads
       
4. Backhoes:
   • Function: A backhoe loader is a versatile machine with both a digging bucket and a loader on the front. It’s especially useful in smaller construction jobs where different tasks, like digging and lifting, are needed.
     
   • Key Features:
     • Digging bucket at the rear
       
     • Loader arms at the front
       
     • Ideal for residential construction and landscaping
       

• Hydraulic Failures: Heavy equipment uses hydraulic systems for lifting and moving materials. If hydraulic fluid levels are too low or if there's a leak, the machine can lose its ability to function properly. Keeping the hydraulic system in top condition is key to the overall performance of these machines.
  
• Engine Overheating: Whether it’s from a clogged radiator or low coolant levels, engine overheating is one of the most common issues in heavy equipment. A machine running too hot can cause lasting damage to critical components, leading to expensive repairs and downtime.
  
• Wear and Tear on Tracks and Tires: Tracks, especially on bulldozers and excavators, experience significant wear from working on rough surfaces. Over time, the rubber or metal tracks need to be replaced to prevent operational inefficiencies.
  
• Electrical Issues: From the lights to the ignition, electrical systems are crucial for operation. A malfunctioning alternator or wiring issue can cause a machine to shut down unexpectedly.
  

1. The Excavator and the Rock:
   An operator once shared a story about using a large excavator to remove a huge rock from a job site. The excavator, equipped with a powerful bucket, was able to break the rock apart. The operator recounted how they had to keep a close eye on the pressure levels, making sure the hydraulic system didn’t overwork itself. The challenge wasn’t just moving the rock but ensuring the machine’s systems worked together under such pressure.
   
2. Unexpected Weather Delays:
   Another story comes from a construction project that was delayed because of unexpected snow. A bulldozer was essential for clearing paths, but the operator had trouble due to the cold. The hydraulic system was sluggish because of low temperatures. The operator had to use special winter-grade hydraulic fluid to keep the machine running smoothly through the freezing weather.
   
3. A Broken Track:
   A maintenance technician shared a frustrating story about a bulldozer that was constantly getting stuck in mud. Upon inspection, the technician found that the track was wearing unevenly. This led to the machine losing traction and requiring frequent repairs. The solution was to replace the tracks with ones better suited for the type of terrain.
   

• Augers: For drilling into the ground, often used by excavators for creating holes.
  
• Grapples: Used for handling logs and large, irregularly shaped materials.
  
• Rippers: Fitted to the back of bulldozers, rippers are designed to break through tough ground or materials, often used in mining or road construction.
  

• Regular Oil Changes: Like any engine, the oil needs to be changed to prevent clogging and overheating.
  
• Inspecting Hydraulics: Check hydraulic fluid levels and look for leaks regularly.
  
• Track and Tire Inspection: Tracks should be cleaned and examined for signs of wear. Tires should be rotated to ensure even wear and optimal performance.
  
• General Cleanliness: Dust and dirt can clog up moving parts, which can lead to machinery failure.
  

Scrapers are heavy-duty machines used in construction and mining for tasks such as earthmoving, material hauling, and grading. These machines, capable of handling significant workloads, rely on a combination of hydraulic and mechanical systems to perform their duties efficiently. However, when a scraper experiences horsepower (HP) issues, it can severely impact its productivity and operational costs. This article will explore the common causes of HP problems in scrapers, methods for diagnosing these issues, and potential solutions to get your machine back in top shape.
Understanding Horsepower Problems in Scrapers
Horsepower problems in scrapers typically refer to the engine's inability to generate or deliver the required amount of power. When HP is insufficient, scrapers struggle to operate at full capacity, leading to slower performance and potential mechanical failures. These issues can stem from various sources, including engine-related problems, fuel delivery issues, or hydraulic system malfunctions.
1. Engine-Related Problems
The engine is the heart of any scraper, and its performance directly influences the machine’s horsepower. When HP problems arise, the engine is often the first area to investigate.

• Fuel System Issues:
  • Symptoms: The engine may struggle to start or may lose power under load.
    
  • Cause: A clogged fuel filter, air in the fuel system, or a failing fuel pump can reduce the engine’s ability to generate sufficient power.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Inspect the fuel filter: A clogged filter can restrict fuel flow to the engine, causing a decrease in horsepower.
       
    2. Check the fuel pump: Ensure that the fuel pump is functioning properly. Low fuel pressure can starve the engine, reducing its power output.
       
    3. Bleed the fuel system: Air in the fuel lines can create an uneven fuel flow, leading to horsepower issues. Bleed the system to remove any air pockets.
       
• Air Intake Problems:
  • Symptoms: The engine may run rough or stall when under load.
    
  • Cause: A clogged air filter or intake system can prevent sufficient airflow to the engine, which is essential for combustion.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check the air filter: Inspect the air filter for dirt and debris. A clogged air filter will hinder engine performance and reduce horsepower.
       
    2. Inspect the intake system: Ensure there are no blockages or leaks in the intake system that could affect the air-to-fuel ratio.
       
• Exhaust Restrictions:
  • Symptoms: Reduced engine performance, increased fuel consumption, and slower response times.
    
  • Cause: A clogged exhaust or a malfunctioning exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve can cause backpressure, limiting engine efficiency.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check for exhaust blockages: Inspect the exhaust system for any obstructions, such as a clogged catalytic converter or muffler.
       
    2. Inspect EGR system: Ensure the EGR valve is working properly. If it is stuck closed or malfunctioning, it could lead to increased exhaust pressure.
       

• Transmission Slippage:
  • Symptoms: The scraper may not accelerate as expected, or it may stall when under load.
    
  • Cause: Transmission slippage occurs when the clutch or transmission bands are worn or improperly adjusted, reducing the amount of power transferred to the scraper’s drivetrain.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Inspect the transmission fluid: Low or contaminated transmission fluid can cause slippage. Ensure that the fluid is at the proper level and clean.
       
    2. Check the clutch and bands: Worn or improperly adjusted clutch components may need to be replaced or adjusted.
       
• Hydraulic System Malfunctions:
  • Symptoms: The scraper may struggle to lift or push material, or it may experience a loss of power when performing hydraulic functions.
    
  • Cause: A malfunctioning hydraulic system, including issues with pumps, hoses, or valves, can drain power from the engine, reducing overall HP.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check the hydraulic fluid level: Low fluid levels can lead to sluggish hydraulic system performance and reduced machine power.
       
    2. Inspect the hydraulic pump: A faulty hydraulic pump can reduce the scraper’s lifting capacity and overall efficiency.
       
    3. Check for leaks: Leaking hoses or seals can reduce hydraulic pressure, draining the engine’s horsepower.
       

• Symptoms: The engine may lose power or stall, especially when under load.
  • Cause: A clogged radiator, malfunctioning thermostat, or low coolant levels can lead to overheating, which reduces engine efficiency and power output.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Inspect the radiator: Check the radiator for dirt, debris, or corrosion that may block airflow, causing the engine to overheat.
       
    2. Check coolant levels: Low coolant levels can result in overheating. Top off the coolant and inspect for leaks.
       
    3. Test the thermostat: A faulty thermostat can cause the engine to overheat. Replace it if necessary.
       

• Engine Control Unit (ECU) Malfunctions:
  • Symptoms: The engine may run rough, lose power intermittently, or stall unexpectedly.
    
  • Cause: Faulty sensors or issues with the ECU can cause the engine to perform poorly, reducing the amount of horsepower generated.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check the sensors: Inspect sensors such as the throttle position sensor, crankshaft position sensor, and intake air temperature sensor for proper operation.
       
    2. Diagnose the ECU: Use diagnostic tools to check for error codes that may indicate ECU malfunctions or faulty sensor readings.
       
    3. Replace faulty components: If a specific sensor or component is found to be defective, replace it with a new one.
       

• Symptoms: Decreased power output over time, uneven performance, or intermittent starting issues.
  • Cause: Lack of regular oil changes, fuel filter replacements, or air filter maintenance can cause engine inefficiency and HP loss.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule: Adhere to the recommended service intervals for oil changes, filter replacements, and other key maintenance tasks.
       
    2. Check all fluid levels regularly: Ensure that all fluid levels—engine oil, transmission fluid, coolant, and hydraulic fluid—are within the recommended ranges.
       
    3. Perform periodic system inspections: Regularly check key systems such as the exhaust, cooling, and hydraulic systems for signs of wear or damage.
       

Introduction
The Caterpillar 955K track loader, particularly the 61H series, remains a staple in earthmoving operations due to its mechanical simplicity and rugged design. However, when transmission issues arise—especially those suspected to involve the transmission pump—technicians often face uncertainty about component location, failure modes, and diagnostic procedures. This article explores the transmission pump system in the 955K, clarifies key terminology, and offers practical strategies for troubleshooting and repair.
Understanding the Transmission Pump System
The transmission pump in the 955K is responsible for generating hydraulic pressure to operate the transmission clutches and control valves. Its performance directly affects gear engagement, travel speed, and overall drivability.
Key components include:

• Transmission pump (gear-type or vane-type depending on model year)
  
• Hydraulic lines (inlet and outlet)
  
• Strainers and filters
  
• Pressure relief valve
  
• Transmission control valve body
  

• Transmission Pump: A hydraulic pump that supplies pressurized fluid to the transmission system for clutch actuation and gear shifting.
  
• Strainer: A mesh filter located in the fluid reservoir or suction line to prevent debris from entering the pump.
  
• Pressure Tap: A port used to measure hydraulic pressure within the system.
  
• IN/OUT Lines: Hydraulic lines that feed fluid into and out of the pump, often color-coded or labeled in service manuals.
  

• Consult the service manual for exploded diagrams
  
• Trace hydraulic lines from the transmission control valve
  
• Look for pressure taps or filter housings near the pump body
  
• Inspect beneath the seat pan for access panels
  

• Measure hydraulic pressure at designated taps before replacing components
  
• Inspect strainers and filters for clogging or damage
  
• Check IN and OUT lines for leaks, kinks, or internal collapse
  
• Use a flow meter to verify pump output if available
  
• Confirm clutch pack engagement using manual override if applicable
  

• Service manual with hydraulic schematics
  
• Pressure gauge with appropriate adapters
  
• Inspection mirror and flashlight for hard-to-reach areas
  
• Torque wrench for pump mounting bolts
  
• Clean work surface for disassembly and inspection
  

Introduction
A malfunctioning alarm system in heavy equipment or commercial vehicles is a common yet frustrating issue that can lead to a lot of confusion for operators. Specifically, the persistent alarm in a 2006 Sterling truck with no apparent indications of a fault can be both baffling and concerning. As is the case with many large machines, the diagnostic process involves not only understanding the truck's systems but also a bit of patience in isolating the root cause of the problem.
This article dives deep into the causes of such an issue, common troubleshooting steps, and how to resolve it. Whether you are dealing with a persistent warning light, a beeping sound, or an onboard alert with no accompanying visible problem, this guide will walk you through potential causes and solutions.
Understanding the Alarm System in the 2006 Sterling Truck
The 2006 Sterling truck, like most modern vehicles, has a sophisticated onboard diagnostic system (OBD). This system is designed to detect various faults, such as issues with the engine, transmission, brakes, or other critical components. When the system detects an abnormality, it triggers an alarm, which can manifest as a warning light, an audible beep, or both.
The Sterling truck, in particular, uses a series of sensors and interconnected systems that monitor everything from fuel levels to tire pressure. These systems are integrated into a central control unit (CCU), which processes data and alerts the driver to any anomalies. If there's an alarm with no clear reason, the underlying issue might be complex or involve one of the many sensors working improperly.
Common Causes of Persistent Alarms with No Visible Indication
Several reasons could explain why the alarm persists even when no apparent issue is visible. Below are some of the most common causes:

1. Faulty Sensors
   • The truck’s alarm system depends heavily on its sensors. A faulty sensor might incorrectly signal a problem, triggering the alarm even if there’s no real issue. For instance, a malfunctioning coolant temperature sensor may make the system believe the engine is overheating, when, in reality, it’s functioning normally.
     
2. Electrical System Glitches
   • One of the most common causes of persistent alarms is issues with the vehicle’s electrical system. A short circuit, damaged wiring, or corrosion in the connectors can interfere with signal transmission from sensors to the alarm system. If an electrical fault occurs, the system might not be able to differentiate between an actual problem and a communication error.
     
3. Software/Programming Errors
   • In some cases, software or programming errors can cause a false alarm. These errors could stem from an update issue, a bug in the truck’s onboard system, or even a failure in the ECU (Electronic Control Unit). A reset or reprogramming might be required to clear the alarm.
     
4. Low Fluid Levels
   • Sometimes, a simple but easily overlooked cause of an alarm is low fluid levels. Whether it's oil, coolant, or transmission fluid, these fluids play a vital role in the smooth operation of the vehicle. A low fluid level, especially if the sensor is faulty, could cause the alarm to sound even when the level isn’t critically low.
     
5. Failed Components
   • Key components such as the alternator, battery, or fuel system may have issues that aren’t immediately visible. A failing alternator, for instance, can trigger a low-voltage alarm if the truck’s battery charge drops below an acceptable level, even though the system may not be outright failing.
     
6. Loose or Faulty Connections
   • A common problem, especially in older trucks, is loose or corroded electrical connections. These faulty connections can cause erratic signals to be sent to the alarm system, activating it without any apparent issue.
     

1. Check the Truck’s Dashboard for Other Alerts
   • Start by checking the dashboard for any other warning lights or symbols. If there are other alerts alongside the alarm, they may point to a specific system issue (e.g., low oil pressure or overheating). Take note of all the indicators to understand the broader context.
     
2. Inspect the Fluid Levels
   • Begin by checking the truck’s fluid levels. Ensure that oil, coolant, brake fluid, and transmission fluid are at the correct levels. Even if there is no obvious drop in levels, a sensor may incorrectly read a low fluid level.
     
3. Examine the Electrical System
   • Inspect the electrical system for visible signs of wear, such as exposed wiring, corrosion at connectors, or damaged fuses. Pay special attention to the battery and alternator, as these components can trigger alarms if malfunctioning. If necessary, check the truck’s voltage with a multimeter.
     
4. Check for Faulty Sensors
   • If no obvious issues are found with the fluids or electrical components, it’s time to check the sensors. Use a diagnostic tool to scan the truck’s system for fault codes related to sensors. Many modern trucks have sensors for things like tire pressure, fuel levels, and exhaust temperature, any of which could be malfunctioning.
     
5. Reset the System
   • If you suspect a software glitch or programming error, try resetting the truck’s system. This can be done by disconnecting the truck’s battery for a few minutes or using the vehicle’s onboard diagnostic tools. Sometimes, a simple reset can clear minor faults that may be causing the alarm.
     
6. Examine the Alarm Wiring and Components
   • Finally, inspect the wiring and connections related to the alarm system itself. Ensure there is no physical damage to the alarm system’s wiring or the central control unit. If you find any faults, these will need to be repaired before the alarm can be properly reset.
     
7. Consult the Manual or Dealer
   • If all else fails, consult the truck’s manual or reach out to an authorized Sterling dealer. They will have the necessary diagnostic tools and knowledge to isolate the issue and provide further guidance.
     

1. Regular Maintenance
   • Stick to a regular maintenance schedule for your truck, including fluid checks, electrical inspections, and sensor calibration. Keeping the truck in good condition will reduce the chances of alarms caused by sensor malfunctions or system glitches.
     
2. Check Sensors Regularly
   • Since sensors are vital in triggering alarms, they should be checked regularly. If your truck is older or you notice any sensor-related issues, consider having them recalibrated or replaced to ensure accurate readings.
     
3. Ensure Proper Wiring and Connections
   • Periodically inspect the truck’s wiring and connectors, particularly around the electrical and alarm systems. Clean and tighten any loose connections to avoid signal errors that could trigger unnecessary alarms.
     

The Bobcat S185 is a versatile and durable skid-steer loader used in a wide variety of construction, landscaping, and material handling tasks. However, like all machinery, it can occasionally experience issues. One of the most common problems is the inability to start the machine. This issue can stem from a variety of causes, ranging from electrical issues to fuel system problems. This guide will walk you through the steps to troubleshoot and resolve starting issues with the Bobcat S185.
Common Symptoms of Starting Issues
When the Bobcat S185 fails to start, the operator may notice various symptoms, such as:

• The engine cranks but does not start.
  
• The engine does not crank at all.
  
• Intermittent starting issues.
  
• Clicking sound when trying to start the engine.
  
• The engine starts and stalls shortly after.
  

• Battery Issues:
  • Symptoms: The engine may fail to crank, or you may hear a clicking sound when attempting to start the machine.
    
  • Cause: The most common cause of starting issues in the Bobcat S185 is a dead or weak battery. Over time, the battery can lose its charge or become damaged, preventing the engine from starting.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check the battery voltage: Use a multimeter to test the battery voltage. A fully charged battery should read around 12.6 volts or more.
       
    2. Inspect for corrosion: Clean the battery terminals and cables, ensuring there is no corrosion that could impede the flow of electricity.
       
    3. Test the battery under load: If the battery voltage is low, try jump-starting the machine or replacing the battery with a known good one.
       
    4. Replace the battery: If the battery is faulty or not holding a charge, it may need to be replaced.
       
• Starter Motor Issues:
  • Symptoms: If the battery is good but the engine still fails to crank, the starter motor may be the issue.
    
  • Cause: A faulty starter motor can prevent the engine from turning over. This can be due to wear and tear or electrical issues within the starter.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check the starter connections: Ensure that the starter motor connections are clean and secure.
       
    2. Test the starter motor: Use a voltmeter to test the starter motor’s operation by checking the voltage at the starter solenoid. If no voltage is present, the starter motor may need to be replaced.
       
    3. Replace the starter motor: If the starter motor is faulty and cannot be repaired, replace it with a new or rebuilt unit.
       
• Fuses and Relays:
  • Symptoms: The machine does not respond to the ignition or starts intermittently.
    
  • Cause: A blown fuse or a faulty relay can prevent the electrical system from supplying power to the starter motor or other essential components.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check the fuses: Inspect the fuse box for any blown fuses and replace them as necessary.
       
    2. Inspect relays: If a fuse is intact, check the relays responsible for starting the engine. Faulty relays can be replaced easily.
       

• Fuel Contamination:
  • Symptoms: The engine cranks but does not start or starts briefly and stalls.
    
  • Cause: Contaminated fuel, such as water in the fuel tank, can prevent proper combustion and lead to starting issues.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Drain the fuel tank: If you suspect fuel contamination, drain the fuel tank completely.
       
    2. Inspect the fuel filter: Check the fuel filter for any clogs or dirt. Replace the filter if necessary.
       
    3. Clean the fuel system: After draining the contaminated fuel, clean the fuel lines and replace the fuel filter before refilling the tank with fresh fuel.
       
• Clogged Fuel Filter:
  • Symptoms: The engine cranks but fails to start, or it may start and then stall.
    
  • Cause: A clogged fuel filter restricts fuel flow to the engine, making it impossible for the engine to get the fuel it needs to run.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check the fuel filter: Inspect the fuel filter for any signs of clogging.
       
    2. Replace the fuel filter: If the fuel filter is clogged, replace it with a new one.
       
• Fuel Pump Issues:
  • Symptoms: The engine does not crank or starts intermittently.
    
  • Cause: A malfunctioning fuel pump can prevent fuel from reaching the engine.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Check for fuel pressure: Use a fuel pressure gauge to check the fuel pressure at the injector rail. If the fuel pressure is too low, the fuel pump may be faulty.
       
    2. Replace the fuel pump: If the fuel pump is not providing adequate pressure, it may need to be replaced.
       

• Clogged Air Filter:
  • Symptoms: The engine cranks but does not start, or it starts and stalls after a few seconds.
    
  • Cause: A clogged air filter can restrict airflow to the engine, causing it to stall or fail to start.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Inspect the air filter: Remove the air filter and inspect it for dirt or debris.
       
    2. Replace the air filter: If the air filter is dirty, replace it with a new one to ensure proper airflow.
       
• Faulty Sensors or Wiring:
  • Symptoms: Intermittent starting issues or no response from the engine.
    
  • Cause: Faulty sensors, such as the crankshaft position sensor or fuel pressure sensor, can prevent the engine from starting.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Inspect sensors and wiring: Check the wiring and connectors for signs of wear or damage.
       
    2. Test the sensors: Use a multimeter to test the functionality of the sensors. Replace any faulty sensors.
       

• Ignition Switch Issues:
  • Symptoms: The engine fails to turn over when the key is turned.
    
  • Cause: A faulty ignition switch could prevent the electrical system from powering up.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Test the ignition switch: Use a multimeter to test the continuity of the ignition switch.
       
    2. Replace the ignition switch: If the switch is faulty, replace it with a new one.
       
• Faulty Spark Plugs:
  • Symptoms: The engine cranks but does not start.
    
  • Cause: Worn or damaged spark plugs can prevent proper ignition in the engine.
    
  • Solution:
    
    1. Inspect the spark plugs: Remove the spark plugs and inspect them for wear or damage.
       
    2. Replace the spark plugs: If the spark plugs are worn or damaged, replace them with new ones.
       

• Symptoms: The engine fails to start despite a good battery and fuel supply.
  
• Cause: A faulty safety switch, such as the seat switch or parking brake switch, can prevent the engine from starting.
  
• Solution:
  
  1. Check the safety switches: Inspect the seat, brake, and hydraulic lockout switches for proper operation.
     
  2. Bypass the switches: Temporarily bypass the switches to verify if they are causing the issue. If the machine starts, replace the faulty switch.
     

Introduction
The Bobcat 864 compact track loader is a rugged machine designed for demanding excavation and material handling tasks. Its hydraulic track drive motors are central to mobility and performance, but as these components age, leaks, pressure loss, and internal wear can lead to costly failures. This article explores the technical challenges of diagnosing and rebuilding drive motors on the Bobcat 864, clarifies key terminology, and shares field-tested insights from operators and service technicians.
Understanding the Hydraulic Drive Motor System
Each track on the Bobcat 864 is powered by a hydraulic motor fed by the main pump. These motors convert hydraulic pressure into rotational force, driving the sprockets and tracks. The system includes:

• Hydraulic drive motors (one per track)
  
• Sprocket hub and bearing assembly
  
• Charge pump and filters
  
• Hydraulic cooler
  
• Control valves and pressure relief circuits
  

• Drive Motor: A hydraulic motor that powers the track system by converting fluid pressure into mechanical rotation.
  
• Charge Pressure: The baseline hydraulic pressure used to feed the system and maintain lubrication; low charge pressure can indicate pump or motor wear.
  
• Slippers and Valve Plates: Internal components of hydraulic pumps and motors that regulate fluid flow and pressure; wear on these parts reduces efficiency.
  
• Reman Unit: A remanufactured component rebuilt to factory specifications, often with new seals, bearings, and machined surfaces.
  

• Hydraulic Fluid Leaking from Sprocket Hub
  Indicates seal failure or housing damage. If the outer housing is leaking, replacement may be possible without full motor rebuild, but disassembly is required.
  
• Low Charge Pressure and Repeated Failures
  Suggests internal wear in pumps or motors. Slippers and valve plates may be worn beyond service limits, especially in auctioned machines with unknown service history.
  
• Reman Motors and Pumps Failing Prematurely
  Points to poor rebuild quality or contamination. Some reman units may look new but contain reused components with excessive wear.
  

• Inspect the outer housing for cracks or seal damage before disassembly
  
• Use OEM or high-quality aftermarket seal kits for rebuilds
  
• Replace the sprocket if design changes affect fitment
  
• Flush the hydraulic system thoroughly before installing new or reman components
  
• Monitor charge pressure after installation to verify system health
  

• Hydraulic pressure gauge for charge pressure testing
  
• Seal puller and bearing press for motor disassembly
  
• Torque wrench for sprocket and housing bolts
  
• Ultrasonic cleaner for internal motor components
  
• Service manual with exploded diagrams and torque specs
  

The Hitachi EX60UR is a compact, yet powerful excavator often used in tight spaces, such as urban construction sites or small-scale excavation projects. As with any heavy machinery, issues may arise during operation that require prompt diagnosis and repair to ensure continued efficiency and safety. This article explores common problems with the Hitachi EX60UR, their potential causes, and how to address them effectively. Additionally, we will discuss preventive maintenance practices that can prolong the life of this machine.
Understanding the Hitachi EX60UR
The Hitachi EX60UR is a compact tracked excavator known for its excellent maneuverability and performance in confined areas. It features a unique zero-tail swing design, allowing it to operate in spaces where traditional excavators may not fit. This model is commonly used in construction, landscaping, and utility work. Its hydraulic systems, engine, and other components make it a reliable choice for small to medium-sized jobs. However, like all machinery, issues can arise that require troubleshooting and repairs.
Common Issues with the Hitachi EX60UR

1. Hydraulic System Failures
   

• Symptoms:
  • Slow or erratic movement of the boom, arm, or bucket.
    
  • Loss of power during operation.
    
  • Unusual noise or vibrations from the hydraulic system.
    
• Possible Causes:
  • Low or contaminated hydraulic fluid.
    
  • Leaking hydraulic hoses or seals.
    
  • Malfunctioning hydraulic pump.
    
• Solution:
  • Check the hydraulic fluid levels and replace any fluid that is contaminated.
    
  • Inspect all hydraulic lines for visible damage or leaks and replace any faulty hoses or seals.
    
  • If the hydraulic pump is suspected to be faulty, it may need to be repaired or replaced.
    

1. Engine Performance Issues
   

• Symptoms:
  • Difficulty starting the engine, especially in cold weather.
    
  • Engine stalling or rough idling.
    
  • Excessive exhaust smoke or unusual engine noise.
    
• Possible Causes:
  • Clogged fuel filter or fuel system issues.
    
  • Faulty fuel injectors.
    
  • Air filter blockage or engine misfires.
    
• Solution:
  • Replace the fuel filter and clean the fuel system.
    
  • Inspect and replace any faulty fuel injectors.
    
  • Check the air filter and clean or replace it if necessary. Ensure that the intake system is clear of debris and blockages.
    
  • If the engine continues to misfire, it may be necessary to inspect the ignition system and timing components.
    

1. Electrical System Problems
   

• Symptoms:
  • Inoperative lights, gauges, or control panel displays.
    
  • Difficulty starting the machine.
    
  • Intermittent electrical power to different parts of the machine.
    
• Possible Causes:
  • Faulty alternator or battery.
    
  • Loose or corroded electrical connections.
    
  • Blown fuses or damaged wiring.
    
• Solution:
  • Test the battery and alternator. If the battery voltage is low or the alternator is not charging properly, these components may need to be replaced.
    
  • Inspect electrical connections for signs of corrosion or wear. Clean or replace any corroded terminals and connectors.
    
  • Check and replace any blown fuses. Inspect wiring for any visible damage and repair or replace as needed.
    

1. Underperformance of Tracks or Drive System
   

• Symptoms:
  • Uneven or sluggish movement of the tracks.
    
  • Noise or vibration during movement.
    
  • Excessive wear on one side of the tracks.
    
• Possible Causes:
  • Low or contaminated track oil.
    
  • Worn-out drive sprockets or track rollers.
    
  • Misalignment of the track tension.
    
• Solution:
  • Check and replace track oil if necessary. If the tracks are not moving smoothly, check for oil contamination.
    
  • Inspect the drive sprockets and track rollers for excessive wear. These components may need to be replaced if they show signs of damage.
    
  • Adjust the track tension to ensure proper alignment and prevent uneven wear on the tracks.
    

1. Cooling System Failures
   

• Symptoms:
  • High engine temperature or overheating warning lights.
    
  • Decreased performance or power loss when the machine is under load.
    
  • Visible leaks or steam from the radiator.
    
• Possible Causes:
  • Low coolant levels or coolant leaks.
    
  • Clogged radiator or cooling fins.
    
  • Malfunctioning radiator fan or water pump.
    
• Solution:
  • Check the coolant levels and top off as needed. Inspect the radiator for any leaks or blockages, and replace damaged hoses or seals.
    
  • Clean the radiator fins to ensure proper airflow and cooling efficiency.
    
  • Test the radiator fan and water pump to ensure they are functioning correctly.
    

1. Hydraulic System:
   • Change the hydraulic fluid and filter at regular intervals as recommended by the manufacturer.
     
   • Inspect hydraulic hoses and seals regularly for leaks or wear.
     
   • Keep the hydraulic system clean by using high-quality filters and replacing them as needed.
     
2. Engine Maintenance:
   • Change the engine oil and filter regularly to keep the engine running smoothly.
     
   • Replace air filters and fuel filters as part of routine service.
     
   • Keep the cooling system in good condition by regularly checking the coolant levels and inspecting for leaks.
     
3. Electrical System:
   • Regularly inspect and clean the battery terminals to prevent corrosion.
     
   • Check the alternator and charging system to ensure the battery is being charged properly.
     
   • Replace fuses and inspect wiring for signs of damage or wear.
     
4. Track and Drive System:
   • Regularly check the track oil levels and replace the oil as needed.
     
   • Inspect the tracks, sprockets, and rollers for wear and replace them if necessary.
     
   • Adjust track tension regularly to prevent uneven wear and ensure smooth movement.
     

Introduction
When it comes to excavation and digging operations, a reliable and efficient earth auger is a must-have attachment for construction machinery. The Case 580K, a popular backhoe loader, is commonly equipped with various attachments, and one of the most useful is the earth auger. This attachment is invaluable for a wide range of tasks, including drilling holes for foundations, utility poles, and other deep excavation projects.
This article delves into the various options for selecting an earth auger for the Case 580K, the considerations to keep in mind, and the essential features you should look for in an auger.
What is an Earth Auger?
An earth auger is a specialized attachment designed to drill holes into the ground. It operates much like a large, rotating drill, using a spiral-shaped bit that digs into the earth as it turns. Earth augers are commonly used in a variety of applications, such as installing fence posts, planting trees, and setting utility poles.
The earth auger is particularly effective in drilling in soft to moderately dense soil, where other methods, like manual digging or jackhammers, might struggle or take considerably longer. The auger attachment is often used in conjunction with a backhoe loader like the Case 580K, which provides the necessary hydraulic power to drive the auger into the ground.
Why Choose an Earth Auger for the Case 580K?
The Case 580K is equipped with a strong hydraulic system that can power various attachments, including an earth auger. This backhoe loader is ideal for a range of applications, and pairing it with an auger increases its versatility and efficiency on the job site.
Key advantages include:

1. Versatility – The earth auger attachment can be swapped out for other tools, such as buckets or forks, allowing the operator to easily transition between tasks.
   
2. Increased Efficiency – The hydraulic-powered earth auger significantly reduces the time and effort needed to complete digging and drilling tasks, especially in tough or compacted soil.
   
3. Accuracy – The auger provides precise hole placement and consistent depth, which is crucial for applications that require exact positioning, such as fencing or utility poles.
   

1. Standard Augers
   • These are the most common type of augers and are suitable for general-purpose digging. They come in various sizes, typically ranging from 6 inches to 36 inches in diameter. These augers are ideal for fence posts, small tree planting, and general landscaping tasks.
     
2. Heavy-Duty Augers
   • For applications that require more power or involve tougher soils, such as clay or compacted dirt, a heavy-duty auger is required. These augers feature reinforced construction and heavier-duty auger bits designed to handle tougher conditions.
     
3. Rock Augers
   • When drilling in rocky or heavily compacted soils, a rock auger may be needed. These augers feature specialized teeth and a more robust construction to handle hard ground conditions. They are essential for applications such as drilling through bedrock or other highly compacted materials.
     
4. Tree Planting Augers
   • Tree planting augers are typically smaller and designed specifically for digging holes that are the perfect size for planting trees. They often come with a narrow diameter to ensure that the hole is clean and appropriately sized for root placement.
     

1. Soil Type and Ground Conditions
   • The type of soil you are drilling into is one of the most important factors in choosing the right auger. Soft soils like loam or sandy soils will be easier to drill through and can typically use a standard auger. However, for dense clay, rocky soils, or soils with roots, a heavy-duty or rock auger will be required.
     
2. Required Hole Size
   • The diameter of the hole you need to drill will determine the auger size. Standard augers range from 6 to 36 inches in diameter, with some specialized augers capable of drilling wider holes. It’s important to select an auger with the right diameter to meet the specifications of your project, such as for installing fencing or setting utility poles.
     
3. Hydraulic Power
   • The Case 580K is equipped with a powerful hydraulic system, but it’s essential to ensure that the hydraulic flow and pressure are suitable for the size and type of auger you plan to use. Some larger augers may require additional hydraulic power, so matching the auger to the machine’s capabilities is vital for optimal performance.
     
4. Auger Material and Durability
   • The material of the auger plays a significant role in its performance and longevity. Augers made from hardened steel or other strong materials will be better suited for demanding tasks and will last longer when used in tough conditions. It’s crucial to choose an auger that is built to handle the specific conditions of your worksite.
     
5. Weight and Compatibility
   • Ensure that the auger you choose is compatible with the Case 580K’s quick coupler or mounting system. Additionally, the weight of the auger can affect the performance of your machine. A too-heavy auger may slow down the machine or reduce its overall efficiency, so it’s essential to select one that is well-balanced for your needs.
     

1. Auger Torque
   • Known for their robust design and efficient performance, Auger Torque offers a wide range of augers that are compatible with the Case 580K. Their augers are designed for heavy-duty tasks and are ideal for various soil conditions, including rock and clay.
     
2. Land Pride
   • Land Pride manufactures augers that are durable and well-suited for construction and agricultural tasks. Their augers are particularly known for their precision and dependability.
     
3. BorZit
   • BorZit offers premium augers designed for challenging drilling conditions. Their augers are engineered to handle everything from soft soils to dense rock, making them a great choice for versatile digging operations.
     

1. Inspect Teeth and Flighting
   • Regularly check the teeth and flighting (the spiral part of the auger) for wear and tear. Replace any worn teeth to prevent further damage and maintain efficient digging performance.
     
2. Check Hydraulic Hoses
   • Ensure that the hydraulic hoses connected to the auger are in good condition. Look for leaks or signs of wear, and replace any damaged hoses to maintain the efficiency of the hydraulic system.
     
3. Lubricate Moving Parts
   • Proper lubrication of moving parts, such as the auger drive mechanism, helps to reduce friction and wear. Lubricate the auger regularly to ensure smooth operation.
     
4. Clean the Auger After Use
   • After each use, clean the auger to remove dirt, mud, or debris that may have accumulated. This will help prevent damage to the auger and keep it in good working condition for longer.
     
5. Inspect for Structural Damage
   • Regularly inspect the auger for cracks or damage to the auger shaft or other components. Replace any parts that show signs of structural wear to prevent malfunction during use.
     

Transporting heavy equipment such as mini excavators, skid steers, or other small machinery requires careful planning and proper equipment. Hauling multiple machines at once presents its own set of challenges, especially when considering factors like weight distribution, loading/unloading processes, and ensuring the safety of both the equipment and the hauler. This article outlines the considerations and best practices for hauling two small machines, including the types of trailers to use, loading methods, and safety tips.
Choosing the Right Trailer for Hauling Two Small Machines
When hauling two small machines, it’s essential to choose the right type of trailer to ensure the load is secure and balanced during transport. The correct trailer not only accommodates the weight but also ensures that the machines are safely positioned for travel.

1. Lowboy Trailers:
   • Description: Lowboy trailers are commonly used for hauling heavy and tall equipment. The key feature of these trailers is their low deck height, making loading and unloading easier, especially for small machinery.
     
   • Why it Works: Lowboy trailers offer better stability and ease of loading/unloading due to the lowered center of gravity. The machines are closer to the ground, minimizing the risk of tipping during transportation.
     
2. Gooseneck Trailers:
   • Description: A gooseneck trailer attaches to the towing vehicle via a coupling system mounted over the truck’s bed. These trailers offer greater stability and weight distribution.
     
   • Why it Works: Gooseneck trailers are ideal for hauling two small machines as they distribute the weight more evenly across the trailer and the tow vehicle. They’re particularly useful when hauling both machines over longer distances.
     
3. Flatbed Trailers:
   • Description: Flatbed trailers offer a large, flat, open surface for hauling equipment. They are versatile and can handle a variety of machines.
     
   • Why it Works: Flatbeds provide flexibility and are commonly used when the machines are relatively light or when space for the load is not an issue. However, securing the equipment on a flatbed may require additional tie-downs and supports.
     

1. Positioning the Machines:
   • First Machine: The first machine should be positioned near the front of the trailer to help balance the load. If the machines are heavy, placing the first machine in the middle will help with distribution.
     
   • Second Machine: The second machine should be positioned directly behind the first, ensuring that both machines are within the trailer’s weight limits. The machines should not hang off the sides of the trailer, and the load should be centered.
     
2. Utilizing Ramps:
   • Best Practice: When using ramps to load the machines, ensure that the ramps are long enough and sturdy enough to handle the weight of both machines. The ramps should also have sufficient traction to prevent slipping, especially in wet or muddy conditions.
     
   • Slow and Steady: Always load the machines slowly and steadily, using the ramps at an appropriate angle. Quick or jerky movements could cause damage to the machines or lead to loss of control.
     
3. Securing the Load:
   • Tie-Downs: Use high-quality tie-down straps rated for the weight of the machines. Secure the machines at multiple points, including the front and rear axles. The tie-downs should be positioned in such a way that they prevent any lateral movement.
     
   • Wheel Chocks: Wheel chocks can help secure the equipment in place during transit, preventing any rolling or shifting of the machines. These are especially useful for ensuring that the machines remain stationary during transport.
     
   • Use of Load Blocks: In some cases, load blocks may be used to help keep machines in place, particularly if the machines are small and lightweight.
     

1. Distribute the Weight Evenly:
   • Check the Trailer’s Gross Weight Rating (GWR): Ensure that the combined weight of the machines does not exceed the GWR of the trailer. If the machines are too heavy, consider using a larger trailer.
     
   • Balance Front-to-Back: The first machine should be placed closer to the front of the trailer, with the second machine positioned slightly behind it. This helps prevent the trailer from becoming too heavy at the back, which could cause the towing vehicle to lose control.
     
2. Towing Vehicle Capacity:
   • Ensure Proper Towing Capacity: Make sure that the vehicle towing the trailer is capable of handling the combined weight of both machines and the trailer. The towing vehicle must be rated for the load you plan to haul.
     
3. Maintaining Trailer Stability:
   • If hauling smaller machines over long distances, regularly check the stability of the trailer. Make sure that the load has not shifted and that the tie-downs remain secure. A shifting load can create an unstable towing situation, especially on highways.
     

1. Avoid Sudden Stops or Starts:
   • Sudden acceleration or braking can cause the load to shift or strain the towing vehicle. Gradually accelerate and decelerate to maintain control of both the towing vehicle and the trailer.
     
2. Take Turns Slowly:
   • Sharp turns can cause the load to shift, so make sure to take corners and turns slowly. Keep the load stable by reducing speed before entering turns.
     
3. Monitor the Load During Travel:
   • Regularly check the load during stops to ensure that the tie-downs are still secure and that the load has not shifted. It’s important to stop frequently when hauling heavy equipment, especially on longer trips.
     
4. Watch for Weather and Road Conditions:
   • Weather conditions like rain, snow, or wind can affect trailer stability. If the conditions are poor, drive more slowly and cautiously, keeping a safe distance from other vehicles.
     

1. Trailer Maintenance:
   • Check the tires, brakes, and lights on the trailer before use. Ensure that the ramps and tie-down points are secure and free of damage.
     
   • Inspect the axles and suspension systems to ensure they can handle the weight of the equipment being hauled.
     
2. Towing Vehicle Maintenance:
   • Ensure that the towing vehicle is in good working condition, including checking the tires, brakes, and towing hitch. A malfunction in the towing vehicle can cause serious accidents when hauling heavy loads.
     
   • Ensure the vehicle’s towing capacity is adequate for the combined weight of the trailer and the two machines.