The Sentimental Value of a Classic Pete 359
The Peterbilt 359, especially the 1985 model with the iconic Corvette dash and a 425 hp Cat 3406B engine paired with a 6/4 overdrive transmission, holds a special place in trucking history. Produced from 1967 to 1987, the 359 was Peterbilt’s flagship long-nose conventional, favored by owner-operators for its rugged build and customizable layout. With a wheelbase stretching to 282–285 inches, this particular unit was originally spec’d for long-haul work, not off-road hauling. Yet for some, the emotional attachment to a classic rig outweighs the practicality of buying a purpose-built dump truck.
Fuel and Hydraulic Tank Configuration
One of the first challenges in converting a road tractor to a dump truck is reconfiguring the fuel system. The original setup with dual 150-gallon tanks mounted under the sleeper is excessive for short-haul dirt work and interferes with dump body installation. A more practical solution is to install dual 90-gallon tanks with integrated steps, mounted below the cab. These smaller tanks reduce weight and improve ground clearance.
Some operators opt for split tanks—half fuel, half hydraulic oil—to power the wet kit. While Peterbilt offers factory split tanks, many prefer a dedicated hydraulic reservoir mounted between the frame rails behind the cab. This setup simplifies plumbing and keeps hydraulic fluid isolated from diesel, reducing contamination risk.
Wet Kit and PTO Compatibility
Installing a wet kit on a 6/4 transmission requires careful selection of a PTO (Power Take-Off) unit. While most PTOs are standardized, the auxiliary transmission layout can affect mounting options and gear ratios. The PTO must match the transmission’s torque output and rotational direction. A Chelsea or Muncie PTO with a direct-mount hydraulic pump is commonly used.
Key considerations include:

• PTO mounting flange compatibility
  
• Pump displacement and flow rate (typically 20–30 GPM)
  
• Pressure rating (2,500–3,000 psi for dump applications)
  
• Control valve and cab-mounted switch integration
  

• Replace the front axle with an 18,000–20,000 lb rated unit
  
• Install dual steering gears for improved low-speed maneuverability
  
• Upgrade front springs and add a right-side steering ram
  
• Reinforce the frame with a double rail from the motor mounts rearward
  

• Install high-speed dump valves to release air quickly during dumping
  
• Carry spare ride height rods and air bags
  
• Monitor articulation and avoid uneven loading zones
  

• Telescopic or scissor lift cylinder rated for 20–25 tons
  
• Control valve with feathering capability
  
• Hydraulic reservoir with 30–50 gallon capacity
  
• Return filter and pressure relief valve
  

• Use 22.5" aluminum rims with hub-piloted mounting
  
• Select tires with aggressive tread for off-road traction
  
• Balance load ratings across all axles to prevent overloading
  

• Frame reinforcement and suspension upgrades
  
• Steering geometry and axle swaps
  
• Hydraulic system integration
  
• Limited off-road capability and turning radius
  

The Bobcat T200 is a compact track loader designed to deliver exceptional performance in various construction, landscaping, and material handling tasks. Known for its versatility and power, the T200 is ideal for working in challenging terrains, such as soft soils or uneven surfaces, where wheeled equipment might struggle. One of the critical components of this machine is its track system, which provides traction, stability, and maneuverability. However, like any mechanical system, it requires proper maintenance and occasional troubleshooting.
In this article, we will explore common issues related to the Bobcat T200 track system, provide a detailed troubleshooting guide, and offer maintenance tips to keep your machine in top condition.
Understanding the Bobcat T200 Track System
The Bobcat T200 uses rubber tracks in combination with a suspension system that enhances performance and comfort. The tracks themselves are designed to distribute the weight of the machine evenly across a larger surface area, reducing ground pressure and improving the machine’s ability to move on soft or uneven ground. The system also includes several key components such as:

• Track Chains: These are the central elements that connect to the drive sprockets and rollers.
  
• Drive Sprockets: These sprockets engage with the track chains, transferring power from the engine to the tracks.
  
• Rollers and Idlers: These help guide the tracks and reduce wear.
  
• Track Tensioners: These are used to adjust the tightness of the tracks, ensuring they stay securely in place during operation.
  

• Track Tension Issues: If the tracks are too loose, they may slip over the drive sprockets. Conversely, overly tight tracks can cause excessive wear on the track system components.
  
• Worn Tracks: Over time, rubber tracks can wear down, especially in environments with rough or abrasive surfaces. Worn-out tracks may not engage properly with the sprockets, leading to slippage.
  
• Damaged Drive Sprockets: Worn or damaged drive sprockets may not grip the tracks as effectively, contributing to slippage.
  

• Misaligned Tracks: If the tracks are not aligned properly, they may wear unevenly. This can happen if the track system is not installed correctly or if the rollers or idlers are damaged.
  
• Improper Track Tension: If the track tension is not within the specified range, it can lead to uneven wear. Too much tension can cause excessive friction, while too little tension can result in the track slipping and uneven wear patterns.
  

• Damaged Track System Components: If the rollers, idlers, or sprockets are damaged or excessively worn, they may not guide the tracks properly.
  
• Improper Track Tension: Overly tight or loose tracks can cause off-tracking. Maintaining proper tension is crucial for ensuring smooth operation.
  
• Uneven Ground or Operating Conditions: Operating on uneven or sloped surfaces can increase the likelihood of off-tracking, especially if the machine is not level or balanced.
  

• Measure the Track Tension: Use a track tension gauge or measure the distance between the track and the roller at specific points to determine if the tension is within the recommended range.
  
• Adjust the Tension: If the tension is too loose, adjust the track tension using the machine’s track tensioner. Tighten it gradually, ensuring the track remains level and centered.
  

• Cracks: Small cracks in the rubber can grow over time and lead to larger breaks.
  
• Chunking: Pieces of the rubber may break off, leading to reduced track performance.
  
• Uneven Wear Patterns: Look for uneven wear patterns that may indicate alignment or tension issues.
  

• Check for Wear: Inspect the teeth of the drive sprockets for signs of wear. If the teeth are rounded or damaged, replace the sprockets.
  
• Check Rollers: Rollers should be free of debris and able to rotate smoothly. If the rollers are damaged, replace them to ensure proper track alignment.
  

• Check Alignment: Make sure the idlers and track guides are properly aligned and not excessively worn.
  
• Replace Damaged Parts: If you find any damage, replace the idlers or track guides to restore proper alignment.
  

• Regular Track Inspections: Inspect the tracks, rollers, sprockets, and idlers at regular intervals. Catching wear and damage early can save on costly repairs and downtime.
  
• Lubrication: Keep all moving parts, including rollers and idlers, properly lubricated to reduce friction and wear.
  
• Proper Operation: Operate the machine on flat, even ground whenever possible to avoid unnecessary strain on the tracks. Avoid sharp turns or excessive speeds that could damage the track system.
  
• Clean Tracks: Regularly clean the tracks to remove debris, mud, or rocks that can cause wear or damage to the components.
  

The JCB 214E Series II and Its Transmission Design
The JCB 214E Series II backhoe loader, introduced in the mid-1990s, was part of JCB’s global push to deliver reliable, mid-range machines tailored for utility contractors, municipalities, and small-scale earthmoving operations. JCB, founded in 1945 in Staffordshire, England, had already become a dominant force in the backhoe market, with over 500,000 units sold globally by the early 2000s. The 214E Series II featured a mechanical shuttle transmission, hydraulic steering, and a robust Perkins diesel engine, making it a popular choice in North America.
The transmission system in the 214E is a torque converter-based powershift design. It uses hydraulic pressure to engage forward and reverse clutches, controlled by a directional lever mounted near the steering column. When functioning properly, the system allows seamless shifting between forward and reverse without clutching—ideal for loader work and trenching.
Symptoms of Non-Engagement and Alarm Indicators
A common failure scenario involves the machine refusing to move in either direction despite the engine running and the directional lever being actuated. In one case, the operator noted that the machine was working fine when parked, but upon restart, an audible alarm sounded and the transmission failed to engage.
This alarm is typically linked to low transmission pressure. On the 214E, a pressure switch monitors hydraulic pressure in the transmission circuit. If pressure drops below a set threshold—usually around 80 psi—the system disables gear engagement and triggers a warning buzzer. A corresponding dash light may also illuminate, depending on the model year and panel configuration.
Hydraulic Steering Leak and Its Impact
In the reported scenario, a leaking hose on the front steering circuit was replaced prior to the transmission failure. While steering and transmission systems are hydraulically separate, they share the same reservoir and may draw from similar suction lines. A significant leak in the steering circuit can introduce air into the hydraulic system, lowering fluid levels and starving the transmission pump.
If the transmission fluid level is low, the pump may cavitate—drawing air instead of oil—which prevents pressure buildup and disables clutch engagement. Even after repairing the leak, residual air pockets or insufficient refill can continue to cause pressure loss.
Transmission Fluid Level and Suction Screen Inspection
The first diagnostic step is to check the transmission fluid level. The dipstick is typically located near the rear of the machine, accessible from the engine bay. Fluid should be checked with the engine off and the machine on level ground. If the level is low, refill with the manufacturer-specified hydraulic transmission fluid—usually JCB HP Trans or an equivalent.
If the fluid level is correct but the alarm persists, the next step is to inspect the suction screen. This mesh filter is located inside the transmission housing and prevents debris from entering the pump. Over time, it can become clogged with metal shavings, seal fragments, or sludge.
To inspect and clean the suction screen:

• Drain the transmission fluid completely
  
• Remove the access cover on the transmission housing
  
• Extract the screen and inspect for blockage
  
• Clean with solvent and compressed air
  
• Reinstall and refill fluid to proper level
  

• Faulty directional lever switch
  
• Damaged wiring harness or corroded connectors
  
• Failed solenoid coil or stuck valve spool
  
• Blown fuse or relay in the control circuit
  

• Verify transmission fluid level and refill if needed
  
• Inspect and clean the suction screen
  
• Bleed air from the hydraulic system after major leaks
  
• Test solenoids and directional lever for electrical continuity
  
• Replace damaged hoses and seals to prevent future leaks
  
• Monitor pressure readings if equipped with diagnostic ports
  

• Change transmission fluid every 500 hours or annually
  
• Inspect suction screen during each fluid change
  
• Protect wiring harnesses from abrasion and moisture
  
• Use OEM-grade hydraulic fluid to maintain clutch pack integrity
  

The Caterpillar 460C is a reliable and robust wheeled loader used in heavy construction, mining, and earthmoving applications. However, like all complex machinery, it may occasionally face technical issues. One such problem that some operators have encountered is the appearance of an SS code next to the shifter, accompanied by the loader's failure to move. This issue often points to a malfunction in the transmission or its control system, which can be frustrating if not addressed quickly. In this article, we will explore the potential causes of this problem, provide troubleshooting steps, and offer solutions to get your Caterpillar 460C back to work efficiently.
Understanding the SS Code
The "SS" code displayed on the Caterpillar 460C's display screen is a warning or fault code related to the transmission system. In many cases, it indicates a problem with the transmission's electronic controls or the hydraulic system that powers the transmission. When this code appears, the machine will fail to move, as the powertrain is effectively disabled to prevent further damage.
While the "SS" code is not universal across all Caterpillar machines, it typically points to specific issues such as:

• Transmission Control Module (TCM) failure: The TCM manages the shifting of gears and communicates with other sensors and components. A failure in this module can result in incorrect readings and the SS code appearing.
  
• Electrical problems: Issues like damaged wiring, loose connections, or short circuits can cause the transmission system to malfunction, leading to the SS code.
  
• Hydraulic system failure: The 460C’s transmission relies on hydraulic pressure for proper operation. If the hydraulic fluid is low, contaminated, or there are issues with the hydraulic pump, it could prevent the transmission from engaging.
  
• Faulty sensors: Transmission sensors monitor various components like fluid temperature, pressure, and gear position. A malfunctioning sensor can send incorrect signals to the TCM, triggering the SS code.
  

• Check fluid levels: Ensure that the hydraulic fluid is at the recommended level. If it’s low, top it up with the correct type of fluid specified in the operator’s manual.
  
• Inspect fluid quality: If the fluid is dark, dirty, or has a burnt odor, it’s time to replace it. Contaminated fluid can lead to poor lubrication and cause the transmission system to malfunction.
  

• Hydraulic pump: Inspect the pump for any signs of wear, leaks, or malfunctions. A failing pump will not generate the pressure required to operate the transmission properly.
  
• Hydraulic lines: Look for any visible damage to the hydraulic lines, such as cracks, abrasions, or leaks. Even small leaks can lead to a loss of pressure, which will affect the transmission’s performance.
  
• Filters: A clogged hydraulic filter can restrict fluid flow, resulting in insufficient pressure. Ensure the filters are clean and in good condition.
  

• Inspect wiring: Examine the wiring connected to the Transmission Control Module (TCM), sensors, and solenoids. Look for any loose or damaged connections.
  
• Test the fuses: Check the relevant fuses for the transmission control system. A blown fuse can interrupt the flow of power to critical components, triggering the SS code.
  
• Scan for fault codes: Use a diagnostic tool to scan the machine for any additional fault codes. These codes can help pinpoint the specific issue, whether it’s with the TCM, sensors, or electrical connections.
  

• Perform a diagnostic test: Use a CAT diagnostic tool to check the TCM for error codes. If a malfunction is detected, the TCM may need to be replaced or recalibrated.
  
• Check for updates: Sometimes, software issues can cause the TCM to behave erratically. Ensure that the TCM’s software is up-to-date with the latest updates from Caterpillar.
  

• Check the sensors: Look for any signs of damage or corrosion on the sensors. Use a multimeter to test their functionality.
  
• Replace damaged sensors: If a sensor is found to be faulty, replace it with an OEM part to ensure compatibility and reliable operation.
  

• Replace damaged or worn parts: If the problem is with a specific component like the hydraulic pump, TCM, or sensors, replacing the faulty part will likely resolve the issue.
  
• Top up hydraulic fluid: If low hydraulic fluid is the cause, simply topping up the fluid should restore functionality.
  
• Clean or replace filters: If clogged filters are the problem, clean or replace them to restore proper fluid flow.
  
• Recalibrate the TCM: If the TCM is malfunctioning due to a software glitch, recalibrating or updating its firmware may fix the issue.
  

• Regular fluid checks: Always monitor the hydraulic fluid level and quality, and change it regularly as part of routine maintenance.
  
• Scheduled inspections: Perform regular inspections of the hydraulic system, electrical connections, and TCM to identify potential issues before they cause major problems.
  
• Use OEM parts: When replacing components, always use OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts to ensure proper fit and performance.
  

The Case 688G and Its Hydraulic Brake System
The Case 688G hydraulic excavator was part of Case Corporation’s late-1980s to early-1990s lineup of mid-sized machines designed for general excavation, roadwork, and utility trenching. With an operating weight of approximately 35,000 lbs and powered by a turbocharged diesel engine producing around 120 hp, the 688G was built for durability and simplicity. Case, founded in 1842, had already earned a reputation for rugged construction equipment, and the 688G was widely adopted across North America and Europe for its straightforward hydraulic systems and mechanical reliability.
One of the more nuanced systems on the 688G is its parking brake, which integrates hydraulic actuation with spring-applied force. Unlike purely mechanical brakes, this design uses hydraulic pressure to release the brake and relies on spring tension to engage it when pressure is lost—such as during engine shutdown or emergency stop.
Understanding the Brake Location and Configuration
Depending on the production variant, the parking brake on the 688G may be located on either the rear axle or the front axle’s pinion shaft. Machines with rear axle brakes typically use a hydraulic cylinder that applies the service brakes by pulling on levers mounted to each side of the differential. These cylinders are spring-loaded to extend and apply braking force, and retract under hydraulic pressure to release the brakes.
In contrast, machines with front axle pinion brakes feature a dedicated brake housing mounted on the pinion shaft. This housing contains friction discs and splined couplings that lock the shaft when the brake is engaged. The presence of this housing—absent on the rear axle—helps identify the brake location during inspection.
Symptoms of Brake Failure and Initial Diagnosis
Operators have reported cases where the parking brake fails to engage upon engine shutdown, despite the rocker switch functioning correctly. In one scenario, the brake had previously dragged during operation and was forcibly released by rocking the machine back and forth. After this event, the brake ceased to function entirely, even though the switch still controlled gear engagement and engine start interlocks.
This behavior suggests that the brake release mechanism—normally activated by hydraulic pressure—may have been damaged during the forced release. If the brake is located on the front axle pinion, the most likely failure points include:

• Stripped splines on the friction discs
  
• Worn or broken return springs
  
• Hydraulic cylinder seal failure
  
• Electrical solenoid malfunction preventing pressure delivery
  

• Hydraulic pressure not venting due to a stuck solenoid valve
  
• Internal damage to the actuator preventing spring extension
  
• Friction discs worn smooth or splines stripped from excessive torque
  
• Electrical fault in the switch circuit preventing valve actuation
  

• Locate the brake housing on the front axle pinion or rear differential
  
• Inspect hydraulic lines for leaks or pressure retention
  
• Test the rocker switch circuit for voltage and continuity
  
• Remove the brake housing cover and inspect friction discs for wear
  
• Check spline engagement and spring tension manually
  
• Replace damaged discs, springs, or actuators as needed
  
• Flush and bleed the hydraulic system to ensure proper pressure delivery
  

• Always secure machines tightly during transport to avoid rocking
  
• Cycle the parking brake weekly during idle periods to prevent sticking
  
• Inspect hydraulic fluid condition and replace annually
  
• Test switch and solenoid function during routine service intervals
  
• Avoid forcing the brake to release by rocking the machine under load
  

Brushcat mowers are powerful, heavy-duty attachments designed to tackle land clearing tasks, making them a popular choice for contractors, landscapers, and maintenance crews. These mowers are engineered to efficiently handle dense vegetation, shrubs, and small trees, improving productivity in land maintenance projects. In this article, we will delve into the Brushcat mower, its features, and benefits, as well as provide insights into its uses, maintenance, and troubleshooting tips.
What is a Brushcat Mower?
A Brushcat mower is a specialized attachment for skid steers, compact track loaders, and other similar machines. It is used primarily for clearing brush, grass, small trees, and other dense vegetation from both flat and uneven terrain. The Brushcat is known for its durability and versatility, allowing operators to efficiently manage large tracts of land, especially in rugged or heavily overgrown areas.
Equipped with rotating blades or a heavy-duty cutter, the Brushcat mower can chop through thick brush, saplings, and shrubs, making it an essential tool for land clearing, forestry, and maintenance tasks. These attachments come in various sizes and configurations, offering flexibility in terms of cutting capacity and maneuverability.
Brushcat Mower Features
The Brushcat mower is designed for tough, demanding environments. Some of its key features include:

• Heavy-Duty Cutting Blades: The mower is equipped with durable, high-strength blades that can withstand the impact of dense vegetation and even small trees.
  
• Adjustable Cutting Height: Depending on the model, the Brushcat offers adjustable cutting heights, allowing operators to customize the mower’s performance based on the task at hand.
  
• Hydraulic Drive System: The hydraulic-powered system ensures efficient operation, maximizing cutting power while minimizing the stress on the skid steer or loader.
  
• Robust Construction: Built from high-quality materials, the Brushcat mower is designed to withstand harsh conditions, making it suitable for year-round use in a variety of environments.
  
• Safety Features: Most models are equipped with safety shields and guards to prevent debris from being ejected, ensuring the safety of both operators and bystanders.
  

• Increased Productivity: The ability to clear dense vegetation quickly and efficiently makes the Brushcat a time-saving attachment. This is particularly important on large projects where speed is essential.
  
• Versatility: With adjustable cutting heights and a variety of available models, the Brushcat mower can be used in different terrains and for various types of vegetation.
  
• Ease of Use: The attachment can be quickly mounted on a skid steer or compact track loader, making it easy to switch between different tasks and machines.
  
• Low Maintenance: Compared to other heavy machinery, the Brushcat mower is relatively low-maintenance, thanks to its simple design and durable construction.
  
• Cost-Effective: By eliminating the need for specialized equipment or additional manual labor, the Brushcat mower offers a cost-effective solution for land clearing and maintenance.
  

• Mower Not Turning On: This can be caused by low hydraulic pressure or a malfunctioning hydraulic motor. Check the hydraulic system and ensure there are no leaks or obstructions.
  
• Uneven Cutting: If the mower is cutting unevenly, it may be due to worn blades or improper tension on the tracks. Inspect the blades and ensure they are sharp and properly adjusted.
  
• Excessive Vibration: Vibration during operation can indicate an unbalanced blade or loose components. Inspect the mower for any loose parts and ensure the blades are securely fastened.
  

The CAT 330CL and Its Global Footprint
The Caterpillar 330CL hydraulic excavator is part of the 300 series, which has been a cornerstone of Caterpillar’s heavy equipment lineup since the 1990s. With an operating weight of roughly 80,000 lbs and powered by a C9 diesel engine producing over 230 hp, the 330CL is designed for demanding earthmoving, demolition, and infrastructure projects. Caterpillar Inc., founded in 1925, has sold hundreds of thousands of excavators worldwide, with the 330 series being especially popular in Asia, North America, and the Middle East.
The 330CL is known for its robust hydraulic system, modular design, and operator-friendly cab. However, machines originally built for the Japanese domestic market—often referred to as “grey market” imports—can present challenges when retrofitting components like control pattern changers due to differences in documentation and part compatibility.
Why Change Control Patterns
Excavator control patterns vary by region and operator preference. The two most common are:

• ISO Pattern: Left joystick controls swing and boom; right joystick controls stick and bucket
  
• SAE (John Deere) Pattern: Left joystick controls swing and stick; right joystick controls boom and bucket
  

• Identifying pilot lines using colored bands and letter/number codes (e.g., R1, L1, aL3, bL4)
  
• Disconnecting pilot lines from the pressure block
  
• Mounting the Holmbury valve securely between joysticks and pressure block
  
• Reconnecting pilot lines according to the desired pattern configuration
  
• Testing joystick response and verifying full range of motion
  

• Use equivalent serial prefixes (e.g., KDD) to source parts and manuals
  
• Reference global service documents like SEBU7442 (Operation & Maintenance), SEBP3365 (Parts), and RENR5440 (Service)
  
• Consider Japanese manuals like XEBP7932 if English versions are unavailable
  

• Verify pilot line codes and control valve port labels before disconnecting
  
• Use OEM or high-quality aftermarket valves rated for pilot pressure
  
• Secure all connections with proper torque and sealant
  
• Test joystick response thoroughly before returning to service
  
• Document the new configuration for future reference or resale
  

Tracking to the right or drifting off-center is a common issue for heavy equipment, especially for large bulldozers like the CAT D7R. This issue not only affects machine performance but also increases the wear and tear on components, leading to costly repairs and decreased operational efficiency. In this article, we'll explore the possible causes of tracking problems in the CAT D7R and suggest effective solutions to resolve them.
Understanding the CAT D7R and Its Undercarriage System
The CAT D7R is a well-known bulldozer in the Caterpillar range, widely used in construction, mining, and other heavy-duty industries. The D7R is renowned for its power, durability, and versatility, making it a go-to machine for tough tasks. However, like any complex piece of machinery, it is susceptible to mechanical issues, with tracking problems being one of the most common challenges.
The undercarriage system of the CAT D7R consists of various interconnected components, including the tracks, sprockets, rollers, and idlers. These parts work together to ensure smooth travel and effective power transmission from the engine to the ground. When there is a tracking issue, the root cause is often related to one or more of these components.
Symptoms of Track Drift in the CAT D7R
When the tracks are drifting to one side, it can indicate several underlying issues. In the case of the CAT D7R tracking to the right while traveling straight, the most notable symptoms are:

• Uneven Travel: The bulldozer pulls toward one side during travel, making it difficult to maintain a straight path.
  
• Excessive Wear on Tracks: The track on one side may wear down more quickly than the other, leading to imbalanced wear patterns.
  
• Misalignment of the Undercarriage Components: If the tracks are not aligned properly, they may slip, causing the machine to veer off course.
  
• Uneven Ground Pressure: Track drift can also result in uneven distribution of weight, affecting the bulldozer's efficiency and the quality of work.
  

• Monitor Track Tension: Regularly check and adjust the track tension to ensure both sides are evenly tensioned.
  
• Inspect the Undercarriage: Frequently inspect the undercarriage components for wear and replace any parts that are showing signs of damage.
  
• Maintain the Hydraulic System: Regularly service the hydraulic system and check fluid levels to avoid issues that could affect the machine's steering and drive.
  
• Work on Stable Ground: Whenever possible, try to work on level ground to reduce the likelihood of uneven track engagement.
  

The Bobcat S185 and Its Electrical Systems
The Bobcat S185 skid steer loader, manufactured by Bobcat Company (a division of Doosan Group), was introduced in the early 2000s as part of the S-series lineup. With a rated operating capacity of 1,850 lbs and a 56 hp diesel engine, the S185 became one of the most popular compact loaders in North America and Europe. Its enclosed cab option included a basic electrical system for lighting, HVAC, and windshield wipers—features that added comfort and safety for operators working in harsh conditions.
The wiper system on the S185 is powered by a 12V DC motor mounted behind the front cab panel. It drives a single-arm wiper mechanism through a gear assembly, sweeping across the curved windshield to maintain visibility in rain, snow, or mud. While simple in design, the wiper motor is prone to failure if obstructed or overloaded.
Common Failure Scenario and Initial Symptoms
One of the most frequent issues occurs when the wiper arm becomes physically stuck—either due to ice buildup, mechanical damage, or a broken linkage. If the motor continues to run while the arm is jammed, it can overheat and burn out. In such cases, the motor may stop functioning entirely, even after the obstruction is cleared.
Operators often assume that cycling the machine’s power will reset the motor, but this rarely works if the internal windings have been damaged. A telltale sign of motor burnout is the absence of any sound or movement when the wiper switch is engaged, despite all fuses testing good.
Locating the Wiper Switch and Troubleshooting Access
The wiper switch on the S185 is notoriously awkward to reach—positioned over the operator’s left shoulder near the rear of the cab. This placement has been criticized for years, as it requires the operator to twist uncomfortably to activate or deactivate the wiper.
When diagnosing a non-functional wiper motor:

• Confirm that the switch is in the “on” position
  
• Check the fuse panel for blown fuses (typically 10A or 15A)
  
• Inspect wiring harnesses for corrosion or loose connectors
  
• Test voltage at the motor terminals using a multimeter
  
• Listen for motor hum or vibration when switch is engaged
  

• Bosch wiper motors used in combines or tractors often share mounting patterns and gear ratios
  
• Sweep angle can be adjusted by repositioning a pin on the internal gear
  
• Motors with part numbers stamped on the housing can be matched online or through salvage yards
  

• Remove gear cover from motor housing
  
• Locate sweep control pin or cam
  
• Reposition to desired angle (typically 90° to 120° for skid steers)
  
• Reassemble and test before final installation
  

• Always turn off the wiper switch before shutting down the machine
  
• Clear ice and debris from the wiper arm before operation
  
• Lubricate pivot points and linkage annually
  
• Inspect wiring for corrosion, especially in humid environments
  
• Consider installing a relay to reduce switch load and improve longevity
  

Track slack is a common issue that affects many pieces of tracked heavy equipment, particularly when working in challenging environments. Whether operating bulldozers, excavators, or skid steer loaders, maintaining proper track tension is crucial for optimal performance and longevity of the machine. Too much slack in the tracks can lead to a variety of problems, including excessive wear, track derailment, and decreased efficiency. Understanding the causes of track slack and how to properly manage track tension will help ensure your equipment remains in top condition.
What is Track Slack?
Track slack refers to the loose or insufficiently tensioned state of the tracks on heavy equipment. It occurs when there is excess clearance between the track and the track rollers, causing the track to hang loosely or sag. This can lead to operational inefficiencies and premature wear of the track and associated components. Proper track tension is essential for maintaining the machine's stability, preventing damage to the undercarriage, and ensuring efficient power transfer to the ground.
Causes of Track Slack
Several factors can contribute to track slack in heavy equipment. Understanding the root causes is essential for determining the best course of action for adjustment and repair.
1. Wear and Tear of Track Components
The track system on heavy equipment is made up of several parts, including the track, track rollers, idlers, and sprockets. Over time, these components naturally wear down due to constant friction, heavy loads, and exposure to the elements. As the components wear, the track may become looser, leading to slack.
Solution: Regular inspections of the undercarriage components can help identify excessive wear and allow for timely replacement. Components like track rollers and sprockets should be replaced as needed to prevent further damage.
2. Incorrect Track Tensioning
Track tension is controlled by a tensioning system, typically consisting of a grease-filled cylinder or hydraulic mechanism that applies pressure to the track. If the tensioning system is improperly adjusted or malfunctioning, it can cause the tracks to become too tight or too slack.
Solution: Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for proper track tensioning. Adjust the track tension regularly according to the recommended specifications to ensure optimal performance.
3. Environmental Conditions
Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and terrain can impact the track's condition and tension. For example, in colder temperatures, track components may contract, causing the track to become too tight. Similarly, excessive heat can cause the tracks to expand and become slack. Working on rocky, muddy, or uneven terrain can also exacerbate wear and lead to track slack.
Solution: Pay attention to environmental conditions and adjust the track tension accordingly. If working in extreme conditions, inspect the tracks more frequently and adjust tension as needed.
4. Lack of Maintenance
Neglecting regular maintenance can lead to track slack. Over time, debris, dirt, and grime can accumulate in the track system, causing wear and improper tension. Failure to inspect and clean the undercarriage can lead to reduced track performance and slack.
Solution: Perform routine maintenance, including cleaning the undercarriage and inspecting track components. Lubricate the track and tensioning system as recommended to ensure smooth operation.
Signs of Track Slack
Identifying track slack early is crucial for preventing further damage to the machine. Several warning signs indicate that the tracks may be too loose:

• Excessive Noise: A loose track may produce a clanking or squeaking noise as it moves over rollers and sprockets.
  
• Uneven Track Wear: Slack can cause uneven wear on the track, resulting in noticeable bald spots or excessive tread wear on one side.
  
• Sluggish Movement: If the machine seems to move slowly or with difficulty, the tracks may not be transferring power efficiently due to slack.
  
• Track Misalignment: Slack can cause the track to misalign with the rollers or sprockets, leading to potential derailment.
  
• Excessive Vibration: A loose track will cause the machine to vibrate more than usual, affecting comfort and performance.
  

• Regular Track Inspections: Inspect the tracks, rollers, and undercarriage components frequently, especially after heavy use or working in harsh environments.
  
• Grease and Lubricate: Keep the track and tensioning system well-lubricated to reduce friction and wear.
  
• Monitor Operating Conditions: Be mindful of the temperature, humidity, and terrain conditions where the machine is working. These can affect track performance.
  
• Replace Worn Components: Track components such as rollers and sprockets can wear down over time. Replace them as soon as signs of wear appear to avoid further damage.